-- https://www.phpmyadmin.net/
--

START TRANSACTION;



--
-- Database: `lms`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` abbasid dynasty`
--

CREATE TABLE ` abbasid dynasty` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `abbreviation of computer`
--

CREATE TABLE `abbreviation of computer` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `abbreviation of computer`
--

INSERT INTO `abbreviation of computer` (`indx`, `c_name`, `lecture_no`, `Lecture_topic`, `Lecture_Description`, `lecture_outcomes`, `video_url`, `lesson_pdf`) VALUES
(1, NULL, 1, 'Computer lecture no 1', 'Copmuter 1', 'abc', 'coursePdf/LEC 1.mp4', 'PDF'),
(2, NULL, 2, 'Computer lecture no 2', 'Copmuter 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/LEC 2.mp4', 'PDF'),
(3, NULL, 3, 'Computer lecture no 3', 'Copmuter 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/LEC 2.mp4', 'PDF'),
(4, NULL, 4, 'Computer lecture no 4', 'Copmuter 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 3.mp4', 'PDF'),
(5, NULL, 5, 'Computer lecture no 5', 'Copmuter 4', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 4.mp4', 'PDF');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `abcd`
--

CREATE TABLE `abcd` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `age problems`
--

CREATE TABLE `age problems` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `all civilizations`
--

CREATE TABLE `all civilizations` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `all civilizations`
--

INSERT INTO `all civilizations` (`indx`, `c_name`, `lecture_no`, `Lecture_topic`, `Lecture_Description`, `lecture_outcomes`, `video_url`, `lesson_pdf`) VALUES
(1, NULL, 1, 'Indo Pak History lecture no 1', 'Video 1 Part no 1', 'abc', 'coursePdf /INO PAK LEC 1.mp4', 'PDF'),
(2, NULL, 2, 'Indo Pak History lecture no 2', 'Lecture No 1 part 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/INDO PAL LEC  PART 2 LEC 1.mp4', 'PDF'),
(3, NULL, 3, 'Indo Pak History lecture no 3', 'Indo Pak history ', 'abc', 'coursePdf/LEC 2.mp4', 'PDF'),
(4, NULL, 4, 'Indo Pak History lecture no 4', 'Indo Pak History ', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 4.mp4', 'PDF'),
(5, NULL, 5, 'Indo Pak History lecture no 5', 'Indo Pak History ', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 5.mp4', 'PDF'),
(6, NULL, 6, 'Indo Pak History lecture no 6', 'Indo Pak History ', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 6.mp4', 'PDF'),
(7, NULL, 7, 'Indo Pak History lecture no 7', 'Indo Pak History ', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 7.mp4', 'PDF'),
(8, NULL, 8, 'Indo Pak History lecture no 8', 'Indo Pak History ', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 8.mp4', 'PDF'),
(9, NULL, 9, 'Indo Pak History lecture no 9', 'Indo Pak History ', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 9.mp4', 'PDF'),
(10, NULL, 10, 'Indo Pak History lecture no 10', 'Indo Pak History ', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 10.mp4', 'PDF'),
(11, NULL, 11, 'Indo Pak History lecture no 11', 'Abc', 'abc', 'coursePdf/LEC 11.mp4', 'PDF');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `all ghazwat`
--

CREATE TABLE `all ghazwat` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `all reformers`
--

CREATE TABLE `all reformers` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `all wars`
--

CREATE TABLE `all wars` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `antonyms & synonyms`
--

CREATE TABLE `antonyms & synonyms` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` antonyms synonyms`
--

CREATE TABLE ` antonyms synonyms` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `arithmetic equations`
--

CREATE TABLE `arithmetic equations` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `arithmetic equations_abc`
--

CREATE TABLE `arithmetic equations_abc` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `Question` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_A` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_B` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_C` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_D` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Correct_Answer` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `arithmetic equations_abc`
--

INSERT INTO `arithmetic equations_abc` (`indx`, `Question`, `Option_A`, `Option_B`, `Option_C`, `Option_D`, `Correct_Answer`) VALUES
(1, 'Question No 1 ', 'dds', 'dsds', 'sdsd', 'sdsd', 'sdsd'),
(2, 'Question No 1 ', 'dds', 'dsds', 'sdsd', 'sdsd', 'sdsd'),
(3, 'Question No 1 ', 'dds', 'dsds', 'sdsd', 'sdsd', 'sdsd'),
(4, 'Question No 1 ', 'dds', 'dsds', 'sdsd', 'sdsd', 'sdsd'),
(5, 'Question No 1 ', 'dds', 'dsds', 'sdsd', 'sdsd', 'sdsd'),
(6, 'Question No 1 ', 'dds', 'dsds', 'sdsd', 'sdsd', 'sdsd'),
(7, 'Question No 1 ', 'dds', 'dsds', 'sdsd', 'sdsd', 'sdsd'),
(8, 'Question No 1 ', 'dds', 'dsds', 'sdsd', 'sdsd', 'sdsd'),
(9, 'Question No 1 ', 'dds', 'dsds', 'sdsd', 'sdsd', 'sdsd'),
(10, 'Question No 1 ', 'dds', 'dsds', 'sdsd', 'sdsd', 'sdsd');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `arrival of islam in subcontinent`
--

CREATE TABLE `arrival of islam in subcontinent` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `authors of urdu`
--

CREATE TABLE `authors of urdu` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `authors of urdu`
--

INSERT INTO `authors of urdu` (`indx`, `c_name`, `lecture_no`, `Lecture_topic`, `Lecture_Description`, `lecture_outcomes`, `video_url`, `lesson_pdf`) VALUES
(1, NULL, 1, 'Urdu 1', 'Urdu 1', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 1.mp4', 'PDF'),
(2, NULL, 2, 'Urdu 2', 'Urdu 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 2.mp4', 'PDF'),
(3, NULL, 3, 'Urdu 3', 'Urdu 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 3.mp4', 'PDF'),
(4, NULL, 4, 'Urdu 4', 'Urdu 4', 'abc', 'coursePdf/lec 4.mp4', 'PDF');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `basics of geography of the whole world`
--

CREATE TABLE `basics of geography of the whole world` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `basic unit of data storage`
--

CREATE TABLE `basic unit of data storage` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `binomial and polynomial equations`
--

CREATE TABLE `binomial and polynomial equations` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `biological science_students`
--

CREATE TABLE `biological science_students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `blog_comments`
--

CREATE TABLE `blog_comments` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `email` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `comment` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `blog_comments`
--

INSERT INTO `blog_comments` (`indx`, `name`, `email`, `comment`) VALUES
(1, 'John Doe', 'john.doe@example.com', 'Great article! I learned a lot about blockchain development.'),
(2, 'Emily Smith', 'emily.smith@example.com', 'I found this blog post very insightful. The discussion on cryptocurrency programming was particularly interesting.'),
(3, 'David Wilson', 'david.wilson@example.com', 'As a developer, I appreciate the depth of information provided in this article. It\'s great to see practical examples of blockchain applications.'),
(4, 'Sarah Johnson', 'sarah.johnson@example.com', 'This blog has inspired me to explore blockchain development further. Looking forward to reading more on this topic!');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `blog_content`
--

CREATE TABLE `blog_content` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `category` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `title` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `content` text DEFAULT NULL,
  `img` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `blog_content`
--

INSERT INTO `blog_content` (`indx`, `category`, `title`, `content`, `img`) VALUES
(4, 'Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning', 'GPT-3 and the Future of Natural Language Processing (NLP)', '<h1>GPT-3 and the Future of Natural Language Processing (NLP)</h1><h2>Introduction</h2><p>Natural Language Processing (NLP) has undergone a monumental shift with the advent of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3), a cutting-edge language model developed by OpenAI.</p><h2>Unprecedented Capabilities of GPT-3</h2><p>GPT-3, boasting a staggering 175 billion parameters, has exhibited unparalleled proficiency across a myriad of NLP tasks, spanning language translation, text summarization, question answering, and even creative writing.</p><h2>Unsupervised Learning Approach</h2><p>At the heart of GPT-3 lies its unsupervised learning approach, where the model is trained on vast amounts of text data sourced from the internet. By immersing itself in a sea of diverse linguistic expressions, GPT-3 has acquired an intricate understanding of language nuances, semantics, and syntax.</p><h2>Impact Across Industries</h2><p>The impact of GPT-3 transcends industry boundaries, with far-reaching implications in various sectors. In content creation, GPT-3 serves as a powerful ally for writers and marketers, capable of generating compelling articles, product descriptions, and advertising copy with ease. In the realm of customer service, GPT-3 powers chatbots and virtual assistants that engage users in natural, human-like conversations, enhancing user experiences and streamlining support processes.</p><h2>Limitations and Ethical Considerations</h2><p>However, GPT-3 is not devoid of limitations. Despite its impressive capabilities, the model occasionally produces nonsensical or biased output, reflecting inherent biases present in its training data. Moreover, concerns surrounding ethical use and misuse of AI-generated content have prompted discussions on responsible deployment and oversight.</p><h2>Looking Towards the Future</h2><p>Looking towards the future, the trajectory of NLP with GPT-3 is brimming with potential. As researchers delve deeper into refining and enhancing language models, we anticipate further breakthroughs in areas such as contextual understanding, multi-modal learning, and zero-shot learning.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>In conclusion, GPT-3 stands as a testament to the remarkable progress in NLP, offering unprecedented capabilities and opening new frontiers of possibility. While challenges persist, the transformative impact of AI-driven language processing across industries is undeniable.</p><h2>Stay Tuned for Future Updates</h2><p>For more information on GPT-3 and NLP, stay tuned to our blog for future updates and insights!</p>', 'images/blog/nlp.jpg'),
(5, 'Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning', 'Ethical Considerations in AI and ML Development', '<h1>Ethical Considerations in AI and ML Development</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies have rapidly advanced in recent years, revolutionizing various aspects of our lives. From personalized recommendations on streaming platforms to autonomous vehicles and medical diagnostics, AI and ML are driving innovation across industries. However, as these technologies become increasingly integrated into society, it\'s imperative to address the ethical implications surrounding their development and deployment.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Fairness and Bias</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>One of the primary ethical considerations in AI and ML development is ensuring fairness and mitigating bias. Machine learning algorithms are trained on data, and if the training data is biased, it can lead to biased outcomes. For example, AI-powered hiring tools trained on historical data may inadvertently perpetuate gender or racial bias in hiring decisions. To address this, developers must employ techniques such as data anonymization, diverse data sampling, and algorithmic audits to identify and mitigate biases.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Transparency and Explainability</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Another crucial aspect of ethical AI and ML development is transparency and explainability. As AI systems make increasingly complex decisions, it\'s essential for developers to ensure that these decisions are transparent and understandable to end-users. This includes providing explanations for AI-generated recommendations or decisions and making the decision-making process auditable. Transparent AI systems foster trust among users and enable them to better understand and critique algorithmic outcomes.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Privacy and Data Security</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Privacy and data security are paramount concerns in AI and ML development. AI algorithms often rely on vast amounts of data, including personal information, to make predictions and recommendations. Developers must adhere to strict privacy regulations and best practices to protect user data from unauthorized access or misuse. Additionally, data anonymization and encryption techniques can help safeguard sensitive information while still allowing for meaningful analysis and model training.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Accountability and Responsibility</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Ethical AI and ML development also necessitate clear accountability and responsibility frameworks. Developers and organizations must take responsibility for the outcomes of their AI systems and be accountable for any harm caused by algorithmic decisions. This includes establishing mechanisms for redress and recourse in cases of algorithmic bias or unintended consequences. Moreover, ethical guidelines and codes of conduct can help guide developers in making responsible choices throughout the development lifecycle.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Social Impact and Inclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The social impact and inclusivity of AI and ML technologies are critical considerations in ethical development. Developers must consider the broader societal implications of their technologies, including their potential to exacerbate existing inequalities or create new forms of discrimination. By prioritizing diversity and inclusion in both data collection and model development, developers can mitigate the risk of perpetuating systemic biases and promote equitable outcomes for all users.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Human-Centric Design</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Human-centric design principles are essential for ethical AI and ML development. Technologies should be designed with the needs and values of end-users in mind, prioritizing user well-being, autonomy, and agency. User input and feedback should be solicited throughout the development process to ensure that AI systems align with user preferences and serve their intended purposes effectively. By centering on human values, developers can create AI technologies that enhance human capabilities and augment decision-making rather than replace or undermine human agency.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Regulatory Compliance</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Regulatory compliance is crucial for ensuring ethical AI and ML development and deployment. Governments and regulatory bodies play a vital role in establishing and enforcing laws and standards that govern the responsible use of AI technologies. These regulations may include requirements for algorithmic transparency, data protection, and ethical oversight. By adhering to regulatory guidelines, developers can ensure that their AI systems meet minimum standards for safety, fairness, and accountability.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Continuous Ethical Assessment and Improvement</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Finally, ethical AI and ML development require continuous assessment and improvement. As technologies evolve and societal values change, developers must remain vigilant in evaluating the ethical implications of their work and adapting their practices accordingly. This includes conducting regular ethical impact assessments, soliciting feedback from stakeholders, and engaging in ongoing dialogue with ethicists, policymakers, and the broader community. By fostering a culture of ethical reflection and accountability, developers can ensure that AI and ML technologies serve the collective good while minimizing harm.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In conclusion, ethical considerations are integral to the responsible development and deployment of AI and ML technologies. By prioritizing fairness, transparency, privacy, accountability, social impact, human-centric design, regulatory compliance, and continuous improvement, developers can harness the transformative potential of AI and ML while upholding ethical principles and safeguarding societal well-being.</p>\r\n\r\n ', 'images/blog/aiml2.jpg'),
(6, 'Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning', 'AI in Healthcare: Advancements, Opportunities, and Challenges', '<h1>AI in Healthcare: Advancements, Opportunities, and Challenges</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in healthcare, revolutionizing how we diagnose, treat, and manage diseases. From streamlining administrative tasks to predicting patient outcomes and enabling precision medicine, AI holds immense promise for improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. However, along with its advancements come a host of opportunities and challenges that must be carefully navigated to realize its full potential.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Advancements in Healthcare AI</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The application of AI in healthcare has led to numerous advancements that are reshaping the industry. Machine learning algorithms can analyze vast amounts of medical data, including electronic health records, medical images, and genomic data, to identify patterns and insights that may not be apparent to human clinicians. This enables earlier detection of diseases, personalized treatment plans, and more efficient healthcare delivery.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Opportunities for Healthcare Transformation</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>AI presents numerous opportunities for transforming healthcare delivery and improving patient outcomes. Virtual health assistants powered by AI can provide personalized health recommendations, answer patient queries, and monitor chronic conditions remotely, enhancing patient engagement and adherence to treatment plans. Additionally, AI-driven predictive analytics can help healthcare providers anticipate disease outbreaks, optimize resource allocation, and improve population health management.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Challenges in Implementing AI in Healthcare</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Despite its potential, implementing AI in healthcare comes with its own set of challenges. One of the primary concerns is data privacy and security, as healthcare data is highly sensitive and subject to strict regulations such as HIPAA. Ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of patient information while leveraging it for AI-driven insights requires robust data governance frameworks and advanced security measures.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Another challenge is the interoperability of healthcare systems and data silos, which can hinder the seamless integration of AI technologies into existing workflows. Standardizing data formats and protocols, as well as fostering collaboration among healthcare stakeholders, is essential for overcoming these interoperability barriers and maximizing the impact of AI in healthcare.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Ethical Considerations and Bias Mitigation</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>AI algorithms are susceptible to biases inherent in the data on which they are trained, which can lead to disparities in healthcare outcomes. Addressing these biases and ensuring the fairness and equity of AI-driven decisions is critical for maintaining trust in healthcare AI systems. This requires ongoing monitoring, evaluation, and mitigation of biases throughout the AI development lifecycle, as well as transparent communication of AI-driven recommendations to patients and clinicians.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Regulatory and Legal Considerations</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The regulatory landscape surrounding AI in healthcare is complex and rapidly evolving. Healthcare organizations must navigate a myriad of regulations and guidelines governing the development, deployment, and use of AI technologies, including FDA regulations for AI-based medical devices and GDPR compliance for handling patient data. Compliance with these regulations requires careful attention to ethical principles, patient consent, and data protection requirements.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Future Directions and Emerging Trends</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Looking ahead, the future of AI in healthcare is filled with promise and potential. Emerging technologies such as natural language processing, computer vision, and predictive analytics hold the key to unlocking new insights and capabilities in healthcare. As AI continues to evolve, so too will its impact on healthcare delivery, patient care, and medical research, paving the way for a more efficient, effective, and equitable healthcare system.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>AI has the power to revolutionize healthcare by driving innovation, improving patient outcomes, and transforming the delivery of care. However, realizing the full potential of AI in healthcare requires addressing a myriad of challenges, including data privacy, bias mitigation, regulatory compliance, and ethical considerations. By leveraging AI responsibly and ethically, healthcare organizations can harness its transformative capabilities to create a more patient-centered, efficient, and sustainable healthcare system.</p>\r\n\r\n ', 'images/blog/cloudsecuritycompliencepng.png'),
(7, 'Programming and Coding ', 'Blockchain Development and Cryptocurrency Programming', '<h1>AI in Healthcare: Advancements, Opportunities, and Challenges</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in healthcare, revolutionizing how we diagnose, treat, and manage diseases. From streamlining administrative tasks to predicting patient outcomes and enabling precision medicine, AI holds immense promise for improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. However, along with its advancements come a host of opportunities and challenges that must be carefully navigated to realize its full potential.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Advancements in Healthcare AI</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The application of AI in healthcare has led to numerous advancements that are reshaping the industry. Machine learning algorithms can analyze vast amounts of medical data, including electronic health records, medical images, and genomic data, to identify patterns and insights that may not be apparent to human clinicians. This enables earlier detection of diseases, personalized treatment plans, and more efficient healthcare delivery.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Opportunities for Healthcare Transformation</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>AI presents numerous opportunities for transforming healthcare delivery and improving patient outcomes. Virtual health assistants powered by AI can provide personalized health recommendations, answer patient queries, and monitor chronic conditions remotely, enhancing patient engagement and adherence to treatment plans. Additionally, AI-driven predictive analytics can help healthcare providers anticipate disease outbreaks, optimize resource allocation, and improve population health management.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Challenges in Implementing AI in Healthcare</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Despite its potential, implementing AI in healthcare comes with its own set of challenges. One of the primary concerns is data privacy and security, as healthcare data is highly sensitive and subject to strict regulations such as HIPAA. Ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of patient information while leveraging it for AI-driven insights requires robust data governance frameworks and advanced security measures.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Another challenge is the interoperability of healthcare systems and data silos, which can hinder the seamless integration of AI technologies into existing workflows. Standardizing data formats and protocols, as well as fostering collaboration among healthcare stakeholders, is essential for overcoming these interoperability barriers and maximizing the impact of AI in healthcare.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Ethical Considerations and Bias Mitigation</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>AI algorithms are susceptible to biases inherent in the data on which they are trained, which can lead to disparities in healthcare outcomes. Addressing these biases and ensuring the fairness and equity of AI-driven decisions is critical for maintaining trust in healthcare AI systems. This requires ongoing monitoring, evaluation, and mitigation of biases throughout the AI development lifecycle, as well as transparent communication of AI-driven recommendations to patients and clinicians.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Regulatory and Legal Considerations</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The regulatory landscape surrounding AI in healthcare is complex and rapidly evolving. Healthcare organizations must navigate a myriad of regulations and guidelines governing the development, deployment, and use of AI technologies, including FDA regulations for AI-based medical devices and GDPR compliance for handling patient data. Compliance with these regulations requires careful attention to ethical principles, patient consent, and data protection requirements.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Future Directions and Emerging Trends</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Looking ahead, the future of AI in healthcare is filled with promise and potential. Emerging technologies such as natural language processing, computer vision, and predictive analytics hold the key to unlocking new insights and capabilities in healthcare. As AI continues to evolve, so too will its impact on healthcare delivery, patient care, and medical research, paving the way for a more efficient, effective, and equitable healthcare system.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>AI has the power to revolutionize healthcare by driving innovation, improving patient outcomes, and transforming the delivery of care. However, realizing the full potential of AI in healthcare requires addressing a myriad of challenges, including data privacy, bias mitigation, regulatory compliance, and ethical considerations. By leveraging AI responsibly and ethically, healthcare organizations can harness its transformative capabilities to create a more patient-centered, efficient, and sustainable healthcare system.</p>\r\n', 'images/blog/blockchainpng.png'),
(8, 'Programming and Coding ', 'Web Development Trends and Frameworks ', ' <h1>Web Development Trends and Frameworks</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Web development is a rapidly evolving field, with new technologies and frameworks emerging constantly to meet the demands of modern web applications. Keeping up with the latest trends and adopting the right frameworks is essential for developers to stay competitive and deliver high-quality, scalable web solutions. In this article, we\'ll explore some of the key trends and frameworks shaping the future of web development.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Responsive and Mobile-First Design</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>With the proliferation of mobile devices, responsive and mobile-first design has become a standard practice in web development. Websites and web applications must be optimized for various screen sizes and devices to provide a seamless user experience across desktops, tablets, and smartphones. Frameworks like Bootstrap and Foundation offer pre-designed responsive layouts and components, making it easier for developers to create mobile-friendly websites.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Single Page Applications (SPAs)</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Single Page Applications (SPAs) have gained popularity for their fast and fluid user experience. SPAs load a single HTML page and dynamically update the content as users navigate the site, eliminating the need for page reloads. Frameworks such as React, Angular, and Vue.js provide robust tools for building SPAs, enabling developers to create interactive and dynamic web applications with ease.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Progressive Web Apps (PWAs)</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) combine the best features of web and mobile applications to deliver a seamless user experience. PWAs are web applications that leverage modern web capabilities to offer native app-like experiences, including offline functionality, push notifications, and home screen installation. Frameworks like React and Angular offer support for building PWAs, enabling developers to create fast, reliable, and engaging web experiences.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Serverless Architecture</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Serverless architecture is gaining traction as a cost-effective and scalable approach to web development. With serverless computing, developers can focus on writing code without having to manage server infrastructure. Cloud providers like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud offer serverless platforms that handle infrastructure management, scaling, and maintenance automatically. Frameworks like AWS Amplify and Serverless Framework provide tools for building serverless applications quickly and efficiently.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Static Site Generators (SSGs)</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Static Site Generators (SSGs) are becoming increasingly popular for building fast and secure websites and web applications. SSGs generate static HTML files at build time, which can be served directly to users without the need for server-side processing. This results in faster load times, improved security, and better SEO performance. Frameworks like Gatsby, Hugo, and Jekyll offer powerful SSG capabilities, enabling developers to create modern websites with ease.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Headless CMS</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Headless Content Management Systems (CMS) decouple the content management and presentation layers of a website, providing greater flexibility and scalability. With a headless CMS, developers can access content via APIs and deliver it to various channels, including websites, mobile apps, and IoT devices. Frameworks like Strapi and Contentful offer headless CMS solutions that enable developers to create dynamic and personalized web experiences.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>WebAssembly (Wasm)</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary instruction format that enables high-performance execution of code on the web. Wasm allows developers to run compiled code written in languages like C, C++, and Rust directly in the browser, unlocking new possibilities for web applications, including games, multimedia applications, and computational tasks. Frameworks like Blazor and AssemblyScript provide tools for building Wasm-powered web applications.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Web development is a dynamic and ever-changing field, with new trends and frameworks shaping the way we build and deploy web applications. By staying informed about the latest developments and embracing innovative technologies, developers can create modern, scalable, and performant web solutions that meet the needs of today\'s users.</p>\r\n\r\n \r\n', 'images/blog/webdevframeworkjpg.jpg'),
(9, 'Programming and Coding ', ' Cybersecurity for Developers', '<h1>Cybersecurity for Developers</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In today\'s digital age, cybersecurity is more important than ever. As developers, it\'s crucial to understand the principles of cybersecurity and implement best practices to protect your applications and data from malicious threats. In this article, we\'ll explore some key cybersecurity concepts and strategies that developers should be aware of.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Secure Coding Practices</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Secure coding practices are fundamental to building resilient and secure applications. Developers should follow industry-standard guidelines such as the OWASP Top 10 and secure coding standards for their programming languages. This includes input validation, output encoding, authentication, authorization, and error handling to mitigate common vulnerabilities like injection attacks, cross-site scripting (XSS), and broken authentication.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Encryption and Data Protection</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Encryption plays a crucial role in protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access. Developers should use strong encryption algorithms and protocols to encrypt data both at rest and in transit. This includes encrypting passwords, sensitive user information, and communication channels using protocols like HTTPS. Additionally, implementing data minimization and data masking techniques can reduce the risk of data exposure in the event of a breach.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Vulnerability Management</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Vulnerability management is essential for identifying and remediating security vulnerabilities in software applications. Developers should regularly scan their codebase for known vulnerabilities using automated tools like static code analysis and dependency scanning. Additionally, staying informed about security advisories and patches released by software vendors and open-source projects can help address newly discovered vulnerabilities in third-party libraries and frameworks.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Secure Configuration and Deployment</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Secure configuration and deployment practices are critical for ensuring the integrity and security of production environments. Developers should adhere to security best practices for configuring servers, databases, and cloud services, including strong password policies, least privilege access controls, and regular security updates. Furthermore, implementing secure deployment pipelines with automated testing, code reviews, and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) can help detect and prevent security issues early in the development lifecycle.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Identity and Access Management</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Identity and access management (IAM) is essential for controlling access to resources and preventing unauthorized access to sensitive data. Developers should implement robust authentication and authorization mechanisms, such as multi-factor authentication (MFA), role-based access control (RBAC), and least privilege principles. Additionally, auditing and monitoring user activities using logging and intrusion detection systems can help detect and respond to suspicious behavior and potential security incidents.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Security Training and Awareness</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Security training and awareness are critical for fostering a security-conscious culture within development teams. Developers should receive regular training on cybersecurity best practices, secure coding techniques, and emerging threats. Additionally, promoting a culture of security awareness through regular security briefings, code review sessions, and incident response drills can help empower developers to recognize and address security issues proactively.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Cybersecurity is a shared responsibility, and developers play a crucial role in building secure and resilient software applications. By incorporating secure coding practices, encryption and data protection, vulnerability management, secure configuration and deployment, identity and access management, and security training and awareness into their development workflows, developers can help mitigate cybersecurity risks and protect their applications and data from malicious threats.</p>\r\n\r\n \r\n', 'images/blog/cybersecurityfordevelopersjpg.jpg\r\n'),
(10, 'Educational Technology (EdTech) ', 'Online Learning Platforms and Virtual Classrooms ', '\r\n<h1>Online Learning Platforms and Virtual Classrooms</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Online learning platforms and virtual classrooms have transformed the education landscape, providing flexible and accessible opportunities for learning and skill development. With advancements in technology, learners can now access a wide range of courses, tutorials, and educational resources from anywhere in the world. In this article, we\'ll explore the benefits of online learning platforms and virtual classrooms, as well as some popular platforms and tools available to learners and educators.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Flexibility and Accessibility</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>One of the key advantages of online learning platforms is the flexibility they offer. Learners can access course materials and participate in virtual classes at their own pace and on their own schedule, eliminating the constraints of time and location. This flexibility enables individuals to balance their education with work, family, and other commitments, making learning more accessible to a diverse range of learners.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Interactive and Engaging Learning Experiences</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Virtual classrooms provide interactive and engaging learning experiences that mimic traditional classroom environments. Through features like live video lectures, real-time chat discussions, and collaborative group projects, learners can actively participate in class discussions, ask questions, and interact with instructors and peers. Additionally, multimedia content such as videos, animations, and interactive quizzes enhance the learning experience and cater to different learning styles.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Wide Range of Course Offerings</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Online learning platforms offer a wide range of courses covering diverse subjects and disciplines. From academic subjects like mathematics, science, and literature to professional skills such as programming, digital marketing, and project management, learners can find courses tailored to their interests and career goals. Furthermore, many platforms offer certifications and credentials upon completion of courses, providing learners with tangible proof of their skills and knowledge.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Personalized Learning Paths</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Virtual classrooms and online learning platforms often employ adaptive learning technologies to personalize the learning experience for individual learners. By analyzing learner data and behavior, these platforms can recommend courses, learning resources, and study plans tailored to each learner\'s strengths, weaknesses, and learning objectives. This personalized approach to learning helps learners stay motivated, engaged, and focused on achieving their learning goals.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Popular Online Learning Platforms</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>There are numerous online learning platforms available to learners and educators, each offering a unique set of features and course offerings. Some popular platforms include:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Coursera:</strong> Offers courses and specializations from top universities and institutions around the world.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Udemy:</strong> Provides a vast selection of courses taught by industry experts on various topics.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>edX:</strong> Offers courses from leading universities and institutions, with an emphasis on academic rigor and credentials.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Khan Academy:</strong> Provides free educational resources and tutorials on a wide range of subjects, from K-12 to college-level.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>LinkedIn Learning:</strong> Offers courses and tutorials on professional skills and career development.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Virtual Classroom Tools</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>In addition to online learning platforms, there are several virtual classroom tools available to educators for delivering live lectures and interactive classes. Some popular virtual classroom tools include Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, and Adobe Connect. These tools offer features such as video conferencing, screen sharing, chat messaging, and breakout rooms, enabling educators to create engaging and interactive learning environments for their students.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Online learning platforms and virtual classrooms have revolutionized the way we learn and teach, offering flexibility, accessibility, and personalized learning experiences. By leveraging the benefits of online education, learners can acquire new skills, advance their careers, and pursue lifelong learning opportunities. Similarly, educators can reach a wider audience, deliver engaging and interactive lessons, and enhance the learning experience for their students. As technology continues to evolve, online learning platforms and virtual classrooms will continue to play a crucial role in shaping the future of education.</p>\r\n\r\n ', 'images/blog/onlineplatformsjpg.jpg'),
(11, 'Educational Technology (EdTech) ', ' Adaptive Learning and Personalized Education: ', '\r\n<h1>Adaptive Learning and Personalized Education</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Adaptive learning and personalized education are revolutionizing the way students learn and educators teach, providing tailored learning experiences that cater to individual strengths, weaknesses, and learning styles. By leveraging technology and data analytics, adaptive learning platforms can dynamically adjust the pace, content, and delivery of instruction to meet the unique needs of each learner. In this article, we\'ll explore the benefits of adaptive learning and personalized education, as well as some key strategies and tools used to implement these approaches.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of Adaptive Learning</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Adaptive learning offers several benefits for both students and educators. For students, adaptive learning provides a customized learning experience that adapts to their knowledge level, learning pace, and preferences. This personalized approach helps students stay engaged, motivated, and focused on mastering challenging concepts. Additionally, adaptive learning can identify areas of weakness and provide targeted remediation to help students overcome learning gaps and achieve academic success.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For educators, adaptive learning enables more efficient and effective teaching by providing real-time insights into student progress and performance. Educators can use data analytics to track student learning outcomes, identify areas for improvement, and adjust instructional strategies accordingly. Additionally, adaptive learning platforms can automate routine tasks such as grading and assessment, freeing up educators to focus on providing individualized support and guidance to students.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Strategies for Implementing Adaptive Learning</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Implementing adaptive learning requires careful planning and consideration of several key strategies:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Identify Learning Objectives:</strong> Define clear learning objectives and outcomes for each course or subject area to guide the development of adaptive learning materials and assessments.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Assess Prior Knowledge:</strong> Use diagnostic assessments and pre-tests to assess students\' prior knowledge and identify learning gaps that need to be addressed.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Provide Personalized Feedback:</strong> Offer timely and personalized feedback to students based on their performance, highlighting areas of strength and areas for improvement.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Adapt Content and Activities:</strong> Dynamically adjust the difficulty and complexity of learning materials and activities based on students\' progress and mastery of concepts.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Monitor Progress:</strong> Continuously monitor student progress and engagement to track learning outcomes and identify areas for intervention or additional support.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Iterate and Improve:</strong> Collect feedback from students and educators to iteratively improve adaptive learning materials, assessments, and instructional strategies.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Tools for Adaptive Learning</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>There are several tools and platforms available to educators for implementing adaptive learning:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Knewton:</strong> Offers an adaptive learning platform that uses AI and data analytics to personalize learning experiences for students.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Smart Sparrow:</strong> Provides adaptive e-learning authoring tools that enable educators to create interactive and personalized learning experiences.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>DreamBox Learning:</strong> Offers adaptive math learning platforms for K-8 students that adjust content based on individual learning needs and progress.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>ALEKS:</strong> Provides adaptive learning and assessment platforms for math, chemistry, and other subjects, allowing students to work at their own pace.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Adaptive learning and personalized education hold tremendous potential for transforming the way students learn and educators teach. By providing tailored learning experiences that adapt to individual needs and preferences, adaptive learning can improve student engagement, motivation, and academic performance. Additionally, adaptive learning enables educators to more effectively track student progress, identify learning gaps, and provide targeted support and intervention. As technology continues to evolve, adaptive learning will play an increasingly important role in shaping the future of education.</p>\r\n\r\n\r\n', 'images/blog/adaptivelearningjpg.jpg'),
(12, '\r\nEducational Technology (EdTech) ', ' Gamification and Interactive Learning', '<h1>Gamification and Interactive Learning</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Gamification and interactive learning have emerged as effective strategies for engaging students, enhancing motivation, and improving learning outcomes. By integrating game elements and interactive activities into educational experiences, educators can create immersive and enjoyable learning environments that foster collaboration, creativity, and critical thinking. In this article, we\'ll explore the benefits of gamification and interactive learning, as well as some key principles and examples of implementation.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of Gamification</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Gamification offers several benefits for both students and educators. For students, gamified learning experiences can increase motivation, engagement, and enjoyment of learning. By incorporating elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and rewards, gamification provides clear goals and feedback mechanisms that encourage active participation and progress tracking. Additionally, gamified learning can promote problem-solving skills, decision-making, and perseverance in the face of challenges.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>For educators, gamification can make learning more interactive, dynamic, and fun, leading to increased student participation and retention. By tapping into students\' natural inclination for play and competition, educators can create memorable learning experiences that stimulate curiosity and promote deeper learning. Additionally, gamification enables educators to assess student progress and understanding in real-time, allowing for timely intervention and personalized support.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Principles of Gamification</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Effective gamification relies on several key principles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Clear Objectives:</strong> Define clear learning objectives and goals that align with the curriculum and desired learning outcomes.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Engaging Storyline:</strong> Develop a compelling narrative or storyline that immerses students in the learning experience and provides context for their actions.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Progression and Feedback:</strong> Provide clear progression paths and feedback mechanisms that acknowledge students\' achievements and encourage continuous improvement.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Interactivity and Collaboration:</strong> Foster interactivity and collaboration among students through group activities, challenges, and competitions.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Choice and Autonomy:</strong> Offer students choice and autonomy in how they approach learning tasks and challenges, allowing for personalized learning experiences.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Examples of Gamification</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>There are many ways to gamify learning experiences across different subjects and age groups:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Points and Badges:</strong> Reward students with points and badges for completing assignments, participating in class discussions, and achieving learning milestones.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Leaderboards:</strong> Create leaderboards to showcase students\' progress and achievements, fostering healthy competition and motivation.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Quests and Challenges:</strong> Design quests and challenges that require students to solve problems, complete tasks, and unlock new levels of learning.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Simulations and Role-Playing:</strong> Use simulations and role-playing activities to immerse students in real-world scenarios and encourage critical thinking and decision-making.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Escape Rooms:</strong> Create virtual or physical escape rooms where students must solve puzzles and riddles to unlock clues and progress through the learning experience.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Interactive Learning Activities</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>In addition to gamification, interactive learning activities can enhance student engagement and understanding:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Quizzes and Polls:</strong> Use online quizzes and polls to assess student understanding, gather feedback, and promote active participation.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Interactive Presentations:</strong> Create interactive presentations with multimedia content, clickable elements, and branching scenarios to facilitate active learning.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Collaborative Projects:</strong> Assign group projects and collaborative tasks that require students to work together, share ideas, and solve problems collectively.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Virtual Labs:</strong> Provide virtual lab experiences that allow students to conduct experiments, explore concepts, and apply theoretical knowledge in a hands-on manner.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR):</strong> Use AR and VR technologies to create immersive learning experiences that bring abstract concepts to life and engage students in experiential learning.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Gamification and interactive learning offer innovative approaches to engage students, enhance motivation, and improve learning outcomes. By incorporating game elements, interactive activities, and immersive technologies into educational experiences, educators can create dynamic and enjoyable learning environments that cater to diverse learning styles and preferences. As technology continues to evolve, gamification and interactive learning will play an increasingly important role in shaping the future of education.</p>\r\n\r\n \r\n', 'images/blog/interactivelearningjpg.jpg'),
(13, 'Software Development \r\n', ' DevOps and Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)', '<h1>DevOps and Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>DevOps and Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) practices have revolutionized software development and deployment processes, enabling teams to deliver high-quality software faster and more efficiently. By breaking down silos between development and operations teams and automating key aspects of the software delivery lifecycle, DevOps and CI/CD streamline collaboration, improve code quality, and accelerate time-to-market. In this article, we\'ll explore the principles, benefits, and tools associated with DevOps and CI/CD.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Principles of DevOps</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>DevOps is a cultural and organizational approach to software development and delivery that emphasizes collaboration, automation, and continuous improvement. The key principles of DevOps include:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Culture:</strong> Foster a culture of collaboration, communication, and shared responsibility between development, operations, and other stakeholders.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Automation:</strong> Automate manual and repetitive tasks, such as code deployment, infrastructure provisioning, and testing, to improve efficiency and reliability.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Measurement:</strong> Collect and analyze data to measure performance, identify bottlenecks, and inform decision-making throughout the software delivery lifecycle.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Continuous Improvement:</strong> Continuously assess and refine processes, tools, and practices to optimize delivery speed, quality, and reliability.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of DevOps</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>DevOps offers several benefits for organizations, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Improved Collaboration:</strong> Break down silos between development, operations, and other teams to foster collaboration and alignment towards shared goals.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Increased Deployment Frequency:</strong> Automate deployment processes and adopt CI/CD practices to release software updates more frequently and reliably.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Enhanced Quality:</strong> Implement automated testing, code reviews, and quality gates to detect and address issues earlier in the development lifecycle, leading to higher-quality software.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Greater Stability and Reliability:</strong> Standardize infrastructure, implement monitoring and alerting, and adopt practices like infrastructure as code (IaC) to improve system stability and reliability.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Reduced Time-to-Market:</strong> Streamline development and deployment processes to deliver features and updates to customers faster, gaining a competitive edge in the market.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) is a set of practices and principles for automating the process of integrating code changes into a shared repository, testing those changes, and deploying them to production environments. CI/CD enables teams to deliver software updates quickly, reliably, and with minimal manual intervention.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Key Components of CI/CD</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The key components of CI/CD include:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Continuous Integration (CI):</strong> Automate the process of integrating code changes into a shared repository, triggering automated builds and tests to ensure code quality and detect integration issues early.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Continuous Deployment (CD):</strong> Automate the process of deploying code changes to production environments, following successful testing and approval in the CI pipeline.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Continuous Delivery (CD):</strong> Extend CI to automate the deployment of code changes to staging or pre-production environments, enabling rapid and frequent releases with confidence.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Tools for DevOps and CI/CD</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>There are numerous tools and technologies available to support DevOps and CI/CD practices, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Version Control:</strong> Git, Subversion</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Continuous Integration:</strong> Jenkins, Travis CI, CircleCI</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Containerization:</strong> Docker, Kubernetes</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Infrastructure as Code (IaC):</strong> Terraform, AWS CloudFormation</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Configuration Management:</strong> Ansible, Chef, Puppet</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Monitoring and Logging:</strong> Prometheus, ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>DevOps and Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) practices are essential for modern software development and delivery. By adopting DevOps principles and implementing CI/CD pipelines, organizations can streamline collaboration, automate key processes, and deliver high-quality software faster and more efficiently. As technology continues to evolve, DevOps and CI/CD will play an increasingly important role in driving innovation and enabling organizations to stay competitive in today\'s fast-paced digital economy.</p>\r\n', 'images/blog/devopspng.png');
INSERT INTO `blog_content` (`indx`, `category`, `title`, `content`, `img`) VALUES
(14, 'Software Development ', 'Low-Code and No-Code Development Platforms:', '<h1>Low-Code and No-Code Development Platforms</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Low-Code and No-Code development platforms have emerged as powerful tools for accelerating software development and enabling citizen developers to create applications with minimal coding expertise. These platforms provide visual, drag-and-drop interfaces and pre-built components that streamline the application development process, allowing users to focus on solving business problems rather than writing code. In this article, we\'ll explore the benefits, use cases, and considerations of Low-Code and No-Code development platforms.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of Low-Code and No-Code Platforms</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Low-Code and No-Code platforms offer several benefits for organizations and developers, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Rapid Application Development:</strong> Enable developers to build applications quickly by providing pre-built components, templates, and workflows.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Increased Productivity:</strong> Streamline the development process and reduce time-to-market by eliminating the need for manual coding and debugging.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Empower Citizen Developers:</strong> Empower business users and non-technical stakeholders to create their own applications without relying on IT or development teams.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Flexibility and Customization:</strong> Provide a flexible and customizable development environment that allows developers to extend and customize applications as needed.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Cost Savings:</strong> Reduce development costs and resource requirements by enabling developers to build applications more efficiently.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Use Cases for Low-Code and No-Code Platforms</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Low-Code and No-Code platforms are well-suited for a variety of use cases, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Workflow Automation:</strong> Create automated workflows and business process management (BPM) applications to streamline business operations.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Internal Tools and Dashboards:</strong> Build internal tools, dashboards, and reporting applications to support internal business processes and decision-making.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Prototyping and MVP Development:</strong> Rapidly prototype and iterate on new ideas, products, and features without investing significant time and resources.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Mobile and Web Applications:</strong> Develop mobile and web applications for various purposes, including customer-facing apps, employee portals, and e-commerce platforms.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Integration and Data Management:</strong> Integrate with external systems and manage data sources to create unified views and streamline data management processes.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Considerations for Low-Code and No-Code Development</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>While Low-Code and No-Code platforms offer many advantages, there are some considerations to keep in mind:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Scalability:</strong> Evaluate the scalability and extensibility of the platform to ensure it can support growing business needs and complex application requirements.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Vendor Lock-In:</strong> Consider the implications of vendor lock-in and assess the platform\'s compatibility with existing systems and future technology strategies.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Security:</strong> Implement proper security measures and controls to protect sensitive data and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Learning Curve:</strong> Assess the learning curve for the platform and provide adequate training and support for users, especially citizen developers and non-technical stakeholders.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Customization and Integration:</strong> Determine the platform\'s ability to customize applications and integrate with existing systems, APIs, and third-party services.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Popular Low-Code and No-Code Platforms</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>There are many Low-Code and No-Code platforms available, each with its own features and capabilities. Some popular platforms include:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Microsoft Power Apps:</strong> Provides a suite of tools for building custom business applications and workflows.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Google AppSheet:</strong> Enables users to create mobile and web applications using spreadsheet-like interfaces.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>OutSystems:</strong> Offers a comprehensive Low-Code platform for building enterprise-grade applications with speed and agility.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Mendix:</strong> Provides a Low-Code platform for building and deploying web and mobile applications at scale.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Appian:</strong> Offers a Low-Code automation platform for building intelligent business applications.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Low-Code and No-Code development platforms are transforming the way applications are built and deployed, empowering organizations to accelerate innovation and digital transformation. By enabling rapid application development, empowering citizen developers, and supporting a wide range of use cases, these platforms are democratizing software development and driving business agility. As organizations continue to embrace Low-Code and No-Code platforms, they will unlock new opportunities for innovation and growth in today\'s fast-paced digital economy.</p>\r\n', 'images/blog/digital-skills-training-program-helping-youth-get-onjpg.jpeg'),
(15, 'Software Development ', 'Microservices Architecture and Serverless Computing', '<h1>Microservices Architecture and Serverless Computing</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Microservices architecture and serverless computing have emerged as popular architectural approaches for building scalable, flexible, and efficient cloud-native applications. By breaking down monolithic applications into smaller, independent services and leveraging cloud infrastructure for dynamic resource allocation, organizations can achieve greater agility, scalability, and cost efficiency. In this article, we\'ll explore the principles, benefits, and considerations of microservices architecture and serverless computing.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Principles of Microservices Architecture</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Microservices architecture is an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services, each responsible for a specific business function or capability. The key principles of microservices architecture include:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Decomposition:</strong> Decompose monolithic applications into smaller, independent services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Autonomy:</strong> Design services to be autonomous, with their own data stores, APIs, and deployment pipelines, to minimize dependencies and enable faster development and deployment cycles.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Resilience:</strong> Implement fault-tolerant and resilient services that can gracefully handle failures and degrade gracefully in the face of unexpected errors or disruptions.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Scalability:</strong> Scale individual services horizontally to handle varying workloads and traffic patterns, leveraging cloud infrastructure for dynamic resource allocation.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>DevOps:</strong> Foster a culture of collaboration between development and operations teams, with shared responsibility for building, deploying, and operating microservices-based applications.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of Microservices Architecture</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Microservices architecture offers several benefits for organizations and development teams, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Scalability:</strong> Scale services independently to handle varying workloads and traffic patterns, optimizing resource utilization and reducing infrastructure costs.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Flexibility:</strong> Enable teams to develop, deploy, and update services independently, allowing for faster release cycles and continuous delivery of new features and updates.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Resilience:</strong> Isolate failures to individual services, preventing them from cascading across the entire application and improving overall system reliability and uptime.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Technology Diversity:</strong> Choose the most appropriate technology stack for each service, allowing teams to use the best tools and frameworks for their specific requirements.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Scalability:</strong> Reduce time-to-market and accelerate innovation by breaking down large, monolithic applications into smaller, more manageable services that can be developed and deployed independently.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Principles of Serverless Computing</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Serverless computing is a cloud computing model that abstracts away server management and infrastructure provisioning, allowing developers to focus on writing code without worrying about underlying infrastructure. The key principles of serverless computing include:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Event-Driven Architecture:</strong> Design applications as a collection of functions or microservices that respond to events or triggers, such as HTTP requests, database changes, or timer-based events.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Pay-Per-Use Pricing:</strong> Pay only for the compute resources consumed by your application, with no upfront costs or long-term commitments, optimizing cost efficiency and resource utilization.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Automatic Scaling:</strong> Automatically scale compute resources up or down based on demand, ensuring optimal performance and reliability without manual intervention.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Managed Services:</strong> Leverage managed services provided by cloud providers for functions, databases, storage, and other infrastructure components, reducing operational overhead and complexity.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Stateless Execution:</strong> Design functions to be stateless and idempotent, with no reliance on server state or session management, enabling horizontal scalability and fault tolerance.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of Serverless Computing</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Serverless computing offers several benefits for organizations and development teams, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Reduced Operational Overhead:</strong> Eliminate the need for server management and infrastructure provisioning, allowing developers to focus on writing code and delivering business value.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Scalability and Elasticity:</strong> Automatically scale compute resources up or down based on demand, ensuring optimal performance and reliability without manual intervention.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Cost Efficiency:</strong> Pay only for the compute resources consumed by your application, with no upfront costs or long-term commitments, optimizing cost efficiency and resource utilization.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Rapid Development:</strong> Accelerate development cycles and time-to-market by abstracting away server management and infrastructure provisioning, allowing developers to focus on writing code and delivering features.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Increased Agility:</strong> Respond quickly to changing business requirements and market demands by leveraging serverless computing for event-driven architectures and microservices-based applications.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Considerations for Microservices Architecture and Serverless Computing</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>While microservices architecture and serverless computing offer many advantages, there are some considerations to keep in mind:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Complexity:</strong> Microservices architecture can introduce additional complexity in terms of service communication, data consistency, and distributed system\r\n\r\n\r\n', 'images/blog/servicelesslearningpng.png'),
(16, 'Cloud Computing Technology ', '\r\n Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud Strategies ', '<h1>Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud Strategies</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Multi-cloud and hybrid cloud strategies have gained popularity as organizations seek to leverage the benefits of multiple cloud providers and deployment models to optimize performance, resilience, and cost efficiency. By distributing workloads across different cloud environments and integrating on-premises infrastructure with public and private clouds, organizations can achieve greater flexibility, scalability, and agility. In this article, we\'ll explore the principles, benefits, and considerations of multi-cloud and hybrid cloud strategies.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Principles of Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Multi-cloud and hybrid cloud strategies are based on several key principles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Flexibility:</strong> Choose the most appropriate cloud providers and deployment models for each workload or application, based on factors such as performance, cost, compliance, and geographic location.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Resilience:</strong> Distribute workloads across multiple cloud providers and regions to minimize the risk of downtime or data loss due to outages or disruptions.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Interoperability:</strong> Ensure seamless integration and interoperability between different cloud environments and on-premises infrastructure, enabling data and workload portability.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Scalability:</strong> Scale resources up or down dynamically across multiple cloud environments to meet changing demand and optimize resource utilization.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Cost Efficiency:</strong> Optimize costs by leveraging the most cost-effective cloud services and deployment options for each workload or application, and by avoiding vendor lock-in.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Multi-cloud and hybrid cloud strategies offer several benefits for organizations, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Flexibility and Choice:</strong> Choose the best cloud providers and deployment models for each workload or application, based on specific requirements and preferences.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Resilience and Redundancy:</strong> Improve resilience and minimize downtime by distributing workloads across multiple cloud providers and regions, reducing the risk of data loss or service interruptions.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Scalability and Performance:</strong> Scale resources up or down dynamically across multiple cloud environments to meet changing demand and optimize performance.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Cost Optimization:</strong> Optimize costs by leveraging the most cost-effective cloud services and deployment options for each workload or application, and by avoiding vendor lock-in.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Compliance and Data Sovereignty:</strong> Ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and data sovereignty regulations by choosing cloud providers and regions that meet specific compliance needs.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Considerations for Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>While multi-cloud and hybrid cloud strategies offer many advantages, there are some considerations to keep in mind:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Complexity:</strong> Managing multiple cloud environments and integrating on-premises infrastructure with public and private clouds can introduce additional complexity in terms of architecture, governance, and operations.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Interoperability:</strong> Ensuring seamless integration and interoperability between different cloud environments and on-premises infrastructure requires careful planning, standardized APIs, and consistent management practices.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Data Security and Compliance:</strong> Protecting sensitive data and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements across multiple cloud environments and regions requires robust security controls and governance frameworks.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Cost Management:</strong> Optimizing costs and avoiding cloud sprawl can be challenging in multi-cloud environments, requiring centralized cost management tools and governance processes.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Vendor Lock-In:</strong> Avoiding vendor lock-in and maintaining flexibility and portability across multiple cloud providers requires careful selection of cloud services and deployment models, as well as adherence to open standards and interoperability principles.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Multi-cloud and hybrid cloud strategies offer organizations greater flexibility, resilience, and scalability by leveraging the benefits of multiple cloud providers and deployment models. By distributing workloads across different cloud environments and integrating on-premises infrastructure with public and private clouds, organizations can optimize performance, minimize downtime, and reduce costs. As organizations continue to embrace cloud computing, multi-cloud and hybrid cloud strategies will play an increasingly important role in driving innovation and enabling digital transformation.</p>\r\n \r\n', 'images/blog/multi-vs-hybrid-cloudjpg.jpg'),
(17, 'Cloud Computing Technology ', 'Serverless Computing and Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)', '<h1>Serverless Computing and Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Serverless computing, also known as Function-as-a-Service (FaaS), is a cloud computing model that abstracts away server management and infrastructure provisioning, allowing developers to focus on writing code without worrying about underlying infrastructure. In this article, we\'ll explore the principles, benefits, and considerations of serverless computing and Function-as-a-Service (FaaS).</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Principles of Serverless Computing</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Serverless computing is based on several key principles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Event-Driven Architecture:</strong> Design applications as a collection of functions or microservices that respond to events or triggers, such as HTTP requests, database changes, or timer-based events.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Pay-Per-Use Pricing:</strong> Pay only for the compute resources consumed by your application, with no upfront costs or long-term commitments, optimizing cost efficiency and resource utilization.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Automatic Scaling:</strong> Automatically scale compute resources up or down based on demand, ensuring optimal performance and reliability without manual intervention.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Managed Services:</strong> Leverage managed services provided by cloud providers for functions, databases, storage, and other infrastructure components, reducing operational overhead and complexity.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Stateless Execution:</strong> Design functions to be stateless and idempotent, with no reliance on server state or session management, enabling horizontal scalability and fault tolerance.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of Serverless Computing</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Serverless computing offers several benefits for organizations and developers, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Reduced Operational Overhead:</strong> Eliminate the need for server management and infrastructure provisioning, allowing developers to focus on writing code and delivering business value.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Scalability and Elasticity:</strong> Automatically scale compute resources up or down based on demand, ensuring optimal performance and reliability without manual intervention.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Cost Efficiency:</strong> Pay only for the compute resources consumed by your application, with no upfront costs or long-term commitments, optimizing cost efficiency and resource utilization.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Rapid Development:</strong> Accelerate development cycles and time-to-market by abstracting away server management and infrastructure provisioning, allowing developers to focus on writing code and delivering features.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Increased Agility:</strong> Respond quickly to changing business requirements and market demands by leveraging serverless computing for event-driven architectures and microservices-based applications.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Considerations for Serverless Computing</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>While serverless computing offers many advantages, there are some considerations to keep in mind:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Vendor Lock-In:</strong> Depending heavily on a specific cloud provider\'s serverless platform may lead to vendor lock-in, limiting portability and flexibility.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Cold Start Performance:</strong> Cold start times for serverless functions can impact application performance, especially for infrequently accessed functions.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>State Management:</strong> Stateless execution is a fundamental aspect of serverless computing, which may require alternative strategies for managing application state.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Monitoring and Debugging:</strong> Monitoring and debugging serverless applications can be more challenging compared to traditional architectures, requiring specialized tools and approaches.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Security:</strong> Implementing proper security controls and practices is crucial to protect serverless applications and data from security threats and vulnerabilities.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Serverless computing and Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) offer organizations a highly scalable, cost-effective, and agile approach to cloud computing. By abstracting away server management and infrastructure provisioning, serverless computing enables developers to focus on writing code and delivering business value, while also optimizing resource utilization and cost efficiency. As organizations continue to embrace cloud-native architectures, serverless computing will play an increasingly important role in driving innovation and enabling digital transformation.</p>\r\n\r\n', 'images/blog/serverlesspng.png'),
(18, 'Cloud Computing Technology ', ' Cloud Security and Compliance', '<h1>Cloud Security and Compliance</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Cloud security and compliance are paramount considerations for organizations leveraging cloud computing services. As businesses increasingly migrate their workloads and data to the cloud, ensuring the security, privacy, and regulatory compliance of cloud-based environments becomes essential. In this article, we\'ll explore the principles, challenges, and best practices of cloud security and compliance.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Principles of Cloud Security</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Cloud security is based on several key principles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Shared Responsibility:</strong> Cloud security is a shared responsibility between cloud providers and customers, with providers responsible for securing the infrastructure and customers responsible for securing their applications and data.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Defense in Depth:</strong> Implement multiple layers of security controls, including network security, identity and access management (IAM), encryption, and monitoring, to protect against various threats and vulnerabilities.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Continuous Monitoring:</strong> Monitor cloud environments continuously for security incidents, unauthorized access, and compliance violations, using automated tools and techniques to detect and respond to threats in real-time.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Compliance:</strong> Ensure compliance with industry regulations, data protection laws, and internal security policies by implementing appropriate controls, conducting regular audits, and maintaining documentation.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Resilience and Disaster Recovery:</strong> Implement backup and disaster recovery strategies to ensure business continuity and data availability in the event of outages, data loss, or security breaches.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Challenges of Cloud Security</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Cloud security presents several challenges for organizations, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Data Breaches:</strong> Data breaches and unauthorized access to sensitive data are significant concerns in cloud environments, requiring robust access controls, encryption, and monitoring to mitigate.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Compliance Requirements:</strong> Meeting regulatory compliance requirements, such as GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI DSS, can be complex and challenging in cloud environments, requiring careful planning and implementation of security controls.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Shared Responsibility:</strong> Understanding and managing the shared responsibility model for cloud security can be confusing for organizations, leading to misconfigurations, gaps in coverage, and security incidents.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Cloud Sprawl:</strong> Managing security across multiple cloud providers and services can lead to cloud sprawl, making it difficult to enforce consistent security policies and controls.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Emerging Threats:</strong> Rapidly evolving threats, such as ransomware, malware, and phishing attacks, require organizations to stay vigilant and adapt their security strategies to address new and emerging threats.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Best Practices for Cloud Security</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>To address these challenges, organizations should implement the following best practices for cloud security:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Implement Strong Access Controls:</strong> Use role-based access controls (RBAC), multi-factor authentication (MFA), and least privilege principles to restrict access to cloud resources and data.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Encrypt Data:</strong> Encrypt data at rest and in transit using strong encryption algorithms and key management practices to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Regularly Update and Patch:</strong> Keep cloud infrastructure, applications, and services up to date with security patches and updates to address known vulnerabilities and mitigate security risks.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Monitor and Audit:</strong> Implement continuous monitoring and logging of cloud environments to detect and respond to security incidents in real-time, and conduct regular security audits and assessments to identify and remediate security issues.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Educate and Train Employees:</strong> Provide security awareness training and education to employees to raise awareness of security risks and best practices, and establish clear security policies and procedures for employees to follow.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Cloud security and compliance are critical aspects of cloud computing that require careful planning, implementation, and ongoing management. By adopting security best practices, leveraging automated tools and technologies, and staying informed about emerging threats and regulatory requirements, organizations can mitigate security risks, protect sensitive data, and maintain compliance in cloud environments. As cloud adoption continues to grow, cloud security will remain a top priority for organizations seeking to harness the benefits of cloud computing while ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of their data and applications.</p>\r\n \r\n\r\n', 'images/blog/cloudsecuritycompliencepng.png'),
(19, 'Internet of Things (IoT) ', ' Edge Computing and IoT', '<h1>Edge Computing and IoT</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Edge computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) are transforming the way we process and analyze data, enabling real-time insights and actions at the edge of the network. By bringing computing resources closer to where data is generated, edge computing and IoT enable faster response times, reduced latency, and improved scalability for a wide range of applications. In this article, we\'ll explore the principles, benefits, and considerations of edge computing and IoT.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Principles of Edge Computing and IoT</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Edge computing and IoT are based on several key principles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Decentralization:</strong> Distribute computing resources closer to where data is generated, reducing the need to transmit data to centralized data centers or cloud environments for processing.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Real-Time Processing:</strong> Process and analyze data at the edge of the network in real-time, enabling faster insights and actions for time-sensitive applications.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Scalability:</strong> Scale computing resources horizontally across distributed edge nodes to handle varying workloads and data volumes, optimizing resource utilization and performance.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Resilience:</strong> Design edge computing architectures to be resilient and fault-tolerant, with built-in redundancy and failover mechanisms to ensure continuous operation in the event of failures or disruptions.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Integration with IoT Devices:</strong> Integrate edge computing capabilities with IoT devices and sensors to enable local data processing, analysis, and decision-making at the network edge.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of Edge Computing and IoT</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Edge computing and IoT offer several benefits for organizations and applications, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Reduced Latency:</strong> Process data closer to the source, reducing the time it takes to transmit data to centralized data centers or cloud environments for processing, enabling faster response times for time-sensitive applications.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Bandwidth Optimization:</strong> Reduce bandwidth usage and network congestion by processing and analyzing data locally at the edge of the network, only transmitting relevant insights or aggregated data to centralized systems.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Improved Reliability:</strong> Enhance reliability and availability by distributing computing resources across multiple edge nodes, reducing the impact of single points of failure and ensuring continuous operation in the event of outages or disruptions.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Enhanced Privacy and Security:</strong> Protect sensitive data and ensure privacy by processing data locally at the edge of the network, minimizing the need to transmit sensitive information over public networks or store it in centralized data centers.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Scalability and Flexibility:</strong> Scale edge computing resources dynamically to handle varying workloads and data volumes, adapting to changing requirements and optimizing resource utilization.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Considerations for Edge Computing and IoT</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>While edge computing and IoT offer many advantages, there are some considerations to keep in mind:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Resource Constraints:</strong> Edge devices and nodes may have limited processing power, memory, and storage capacity, requiring optimization and resource management techniques to ensure efficient operation.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Security Risks:</strong> Edge computing environments may be more vulnerable to security threats and attacks due to their distributed nature and physical exposure, requiring robust security controls and measures to protect against unauthorized access and data breaches.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Interoperability:</strong> Ensuring interoperability and compatibility between different edge computing platforms, protocols, and IoT devices can be challenging, requiring standardized interfaces and protocols to enable seamless integration and communication.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Data Governance:</strong> Managing and governing data generated at the edge of the network, including data storage, access control, and compliance with data protection regulations, requires careful planning and implementation.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Operational Complexity:</strong> Managing distributed edge computing infrastructure and IoT devices can be complex and challenging, requiring centralized management tools and processes to monitor, provision, and maintain edge nodes and devices.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Edge computing and IoT are revolutionizing the way we process, analyze, and act on data, enabling real-time insights and actions at the edge of the network. By bringing computing resources closer to where data is generated, edge computing and IoT enable faster response times, reduced latency, and improved scalability for a wide range of applications and use cases. As organizations continue to adopt edge computing and IoT technologies, they will unlock new opportunities for innovation, efficiency, and growth in today\'s connected world.</p>\r\n\r\n ', 'images/blog/EDGE-Computing-for-IoTpng.png'),
(20, 'Internet of Things (IoT) ', '  IoT Security and Privacy ', '<h1>IoT Security and Privacy</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>IoT security and privacy are critical considerations in the design, development, and deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and systems. As the number of connected devices continues to grow, ensuring the security and privacy of IoT deployments becomes increasingly important to protect sensitive data, prevent unauthorized access, and mitigate potential risks and threats. In this article, we\'ll explore the principles, challenges, and best practices of IoT security and privacy.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Principles of IoT Security and Privacy</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>IoT security and privacy are based on several key principles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Device Authentication:</strong> Implement strong authentication mechanisms to ensure that only authorized devices can access IoT networks and services, preventing unauthorized access and malicious activities.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Data Encryption:</strong> Encrypt data both in transit and at rest to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access and interception, ensuring confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted between IoT devices and cloud services.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Secure Communication:</strong> Use secure communication protocols and standards to establish encrypted connections between IoT devices, gateways, and backend systems, preventing eavesdropping and tampering of data.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Access Control:</strong> Enforce access control policies to restrict access to sensitive resources and functionalities based on user roles, permissions, and least privilege principles, minimizing the risk of unauthorized access and misuse.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Security Updates:</strong> Regularly update and patch IoT devices and software to address known vulnerabilities and security issues, ensuring that devices are protected against the latest threats and attacks.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Challenges of IoT Security and Privacy</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>IoT security and privacy present several challenges for organizations and developers, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Device Heterogeneity:</strong> The diversity of IoT devices, platforms, and protocols makes it challenging to implement consistent security measures and standards across different devices and ecosystems.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Resource Constraints:</strong> Many IoT devices have limited processing power, memory, and storage capacity, making it difficult to implement robust security features and encryption algorithms without impacting performance and usability.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Legacy Devices:</strong> Legacy IoT devices may lack built-in security features and support for modern security protocols, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and compromise.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Privacy Concerns:</strong> IoT devices collect and generate vast amounts of data about users, their behaviors, and their environments, raising concerns about data privacy, consent, and control over personal information.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Interoperability:</strong> Ensuring interoperability and compatibility between different IoT devices and platforms while maintaining security and privacy standards can be challenging, requiring standardized protocols and interfaces.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Best Practices for IoT Security and Privacy</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>To address these challenges, organizations and developers should implement the following best practices for IoT security and privacy:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Secure Boot and Firmware:</strong> Implement secure boot mechanisms to ensure that IoT devices only boot from trusted and authenticated firmware, preventing unauthorized tampering and compromise.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Network Segmentation:</strong> Segment IoT devices into separate network segments or VLANs to isolate them from critical infrastructure and sensitive systems, limiting the impact of security breaches and minimizing the attack surface.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Device Management:</strong> Implement centralized device management and monitoring solutions to track and manage IoT devices throughout their lifecycle, including provisioning, configuration, and decommissioning.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Privacy by Design:</strong> Incorporate privacy principles and practices into the design and development of IoT systems, including data minimization, anonymization, and user consent mechanisms.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Regular Audits and Assessments:</strong> Conduct regular security audits and assessments of IoT deployments to identify and remediate security vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and compliance issues.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>IoT security and privacy are essential considerations in the design, development, and deployment of IoT devices and systems. By implementing robust security measures, encryption protocols, access controls, and privacy practices, organizations can protect sensitive data, prevent unauthorized access, and mitigate potential risks and threats associated with IoT deployments. As the IoT ecosystem continues to evolve and expand, ensuring the security and privacy of connected devices and networks will remain a top priority for organizations seeking to harness the full potential of IoT technologies while safeguarding user privacy and trust.</p>\r\n\r\n \r\n', 'images/blog/iotsecurityjpg.jpg'),
(21, 'Internet of Things (IoT) ', ' Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing', '<h1>Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Industry 4.0, often referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, represents the integration of digital technologies into manufacturing processes to create smart factories and enable advanced automation, data exchange, and analytics. Smart manufacturing leverages the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and other emerging technologies to optimize production, improve efficiency, and drive innovation across the manufacturing value chain. In this article, we\'ll explore the principles, benefits, and implications of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Principles of Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing are based on several key principles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Interconnectivity:</strong> Connect machines, devices, and systems across the manufacturing ecosystem to enable seamless data exchange and communication, facilitating real-time monitoring, control, and optimization of production processes.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Automation:</strong> Automate repetitive tasks and processes using robotics, AI, and machine learning algorithms to increase efficiency, reduce human error, and improve quality and consistency in manufacturing operations.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Data-driven Decision Making:</strong> Collect, analyze, and leverage data from sensors, equipment, and production systems to gain insights into manufacturing processes, identify inefficiencies, and make data-driven decisions to optimize performance and productivity.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Flexibility and Customization:</strong> Enable agile and flexible manufacturing processes that can quickly adapt to changing market demands, customer preferences, and production requirements, allowing for greater customization and personalization of products.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Sustainability:</strong> Promote sustainable manufacturing practices by optimizing resource utilization, reducing waste, and minimizing environmental impact through energy-efficient technologies and eco-friendly production methods.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing offer several benefits for manufacturers and businesses, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Improved Efficiency:</strong> Increase productivity, reduce lead times, and optimize resource utilization through automation, predictive maintenance, and real-time monitoring of production processes.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Enhanced Quality:</strong> Improve product quality and consistency by implementing advanced monitoring and control systems, reducing defects, and minimizing variability in manufacturing operations.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Cost Reduction:</strong> Lower production costs, minimize waste, and streamline supply chain operations through optimization of inventory management, logistics, and resource allocation.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Innovation and Agility:</strong> Foster innovation and drive agility by leveraging digital technologies to develop new products, services, and business models that meet evolving market demands and customer expectations.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Competitive Advantage:</strong> Gain a competitive edge in the global marketplace by embracing Industry 4.0 technologies and smart manufacturing practices to deliver higher-quality products, faster time-to-market, and superior customer experiences.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Implications of Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>While Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing offer significant opportunities for growth and innovation, they also present several implications for manufacturers and society as a whole:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Workforce Transformation:</strong> The adoption of automation and digital technologies may lead to shifts in workforce composition, requiring upskilling and reskilling of employees to adapt to new roles and responsibilities in smart factories.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Security and Privacy Concerns:</strong> Protecting sensitive data, intellectual property, and production systems from cyber threats and vulnerabilities becomes increasingly important in connected manufacturing environments, necessitating robust cybersecurity measures and protocols.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Regulatory Compliance:</strong> Adhering to regulatory requirements and standards for data privacy, product safety, and environmental sustainability becomes more complex in the context of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing, requiring ongoing monitoring and compliance efforts.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Supply Chain Resilience:</strong> The integration of digital technologies into supply chain management enables greater visibility, transparency, and resilience, but also introduces new risks and challenges related to supply chain disruptions, cyber attacks, and geopolitical factors.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Social and Ethical Implications:</strong> As smart manufacturing technologies become more pervasive, concerns about job displacement, inequality, and ethical use of AI and automation tools arise, highlighting the need for thoughtful regulation and responsible deployment of emerging technologies.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing represent a paradigm shift in the way goods are produced, enabling unprecedented levels of efficiency, quality, and innovation in manufacturing operations. By embracing digital technologies, automation, and data-driven decision-making, manufacturers can unlock new opportunities for growth, competitiveness, and sustainability in the global marketplace. However, realizing the full potential of Industry 4.0 requires addressing challenges related to workforce transformation, cybersecurity, regulatory compliance, and societal implications, while fostering collaboration, innovation, and responsible stewardship of technology for the benefit of all stakeholders.</p>\r\n', 'images/blog/industry4.0jpg.jpg');
INSERT INTO `blog_content` (`indx`, `category`, `title`, `content`, `img`) VALUES
(22, 'Online Learning ', 'Remote Teaching and Learning Strategies ', '<h1>Remote Teaching and Learning Strategies</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of remote teaching and learning strategies, transforming the way education is delivered and accessed. Remote teaching involves delivering instruction and facilitating learning activities through online platforms, while remote learning refers to students accessing educational content and participating in classes from remote locations. In this article, we\'ll explore effective strategies and best practices for remote teaching and learning in both K-12 and higher education settings.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Strategies for Remote Teaching</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Effective remote teaching requires careful planning, organization, and engagement strategies to create meaningful learning experiences for students. Some key strategies include:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Interactive Online Platforms:</strong> Use interactive online platforms, such as video conferencing tools, learning management systems (LMS), and virtual classroom environments, to deliver lectures, conduct discussions, and engage students in collaborative activities.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Clear Communication:</strong> Maintain clear communication channels with students through email, announcements, and discussion forums, providing regular updates, instructions, and feedback on assignments and assessments.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Structured Learning Materials:</strong> Organize learning materials into modules or units with clear objectives, instructions, and resources, making it easy for students to navigate and access course content asynchronously.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Active Learning Techniques:</strong> Incorporate active learning techniques, such as group projects, case studies, problem-solving activities, and peer-to-peer interactions, to promote engagement, collaboration, and critical thinking skills.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Flexible Assessment Methods:</strong> Implement flexible assessment methods, including quizzes, exams, essays, presentations, and portfolios, to accommodate diverse learning styles and preferences, and provide multiple opportunities for students to demonstrate their understanding and skills.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Strategies for Remote Learning</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Successful remote learning involves self-discipline, time management, and effective study strategies to maximize learning outcomes. Some effective strategies for remote learning include:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Establishing a Routine:</strong> Set a regular schedule for studying and attending virtual classes, establishing a dedicated study space, and minimizing distractions to maintain focus and productivity.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Active Participation:</strong> Actively participate in virtual classes, discussions, and group activities, asking questions, sharing ideas, and engaging with peers and instructors to deepen understanding and reinforce learning concepts.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Self-Directed Learning:</strong> Take ownership of learning by setting learning goals, identifying resources, and seeking out additional materials or tutorials to supplement course content and enhance understanding of difficult concepts.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Time Management:</strong> Manage time effectively by prioritizing tasks, breaking down larger assignments into smaller tasks, and setting deadlines and milestones to stay on track and avoid procrastination.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Utilizing Support Services:</strong> Take advantage of academic support services, such as online tutoring, writing centers, and academic advising, to seek assistance and guidance when needed, and to enhance learning outcomes.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Challenges and Considerations</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>While remote teaching and learning offer many benefits, they also present challenges and considerations that educators and students must address:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Technological Access and Equity:</strong> Ensuring all students have access to reliable internet connectivity, devices, and digital literacy skills is essential to mitigate disparities and ensure equitable access to education.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Engagement and Motivation:</strong> Keeping students engaged and motivated in a remote learning environment can be challenging, requiring innovative teaching strategies, frequent interaction, and personalized feedback to maintain student interest and involvement.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Social Isolation:</strong> Remote learning can lead to feelings of social isolation and disconnection from peers and instructors, highlighting the importance of fostering a sense of community, belonging, and support through virtual interactions and collaborative activities.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Assessment Integrity:</strong> Ensuring the integrity and fairness of assessments in a remote setting requires implementing effective proctoring solutions, plagiarism detection tools, and academic integrity policies to prevent cheating and uphold academic standards.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Professional Development:</strong> Providing professional development and training opportunities for educators to enhance their digital literacy skills, pedagogical practices, and technology integration strategies is crucial to support effective remote teaching and learning.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Remote teaching and learning have become essential components of modern education, enabling flexibility, accessibility, and innovation in learning environments. By adopting effective strategies, leveraging technology, and addressing challenges with creativity and resilience, educators and students can succeed in remote teaching and learning environments, achieving their educational goals and aspirations in today\'s digital age.</p>\r\n \r\n\r\n', 'images/blog/remoteteachingstrateorgiesjpg.jpg'),
(23, 'Online Learning ', ' Microlearning and Bite-Sized Learning Content  ', '<h1>Microlearning and Bite-Sized Learning Content</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Microlearning and bite-sized learning content have gained popularity as effective strategies for delivering concise, focused, and easily digestible learning experiences. Microlearning involves breaking down learning material into small, bite-sized chunks that learners can consume quickly and conveniently, often through mobile devices or online platforms. In this article, we\'ll explore the principles, benefits, and applications of microlearning and bite-sized learning content in education and professional development.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Principles of Microlearning</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Microlearning is based on several key principles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Brevity:</strong> Deliver learning content in short, focused segments that can be completed in a few minutes or less, maximizing learner attention and retention.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Relevance:</strong> Provide learning material that is relevant, timely, and aligned with learners\' immediate needs, goals, and interests, ensuring engagement and applicability of content.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Accessibility:</strong> Make microlearning content accessible anytime, anywhere, and on any device, allowing learners to engage with learning material at their own pace and convenience.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Interactivity:</strong> Incorporate interactive elements, such as quizzes, simulations, and multimedia, to enhance engagement, reinforce learning concepts, and provide immediate feedback to learners.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Adaptability:</strong> Personalize microlearning experiences based on learners\' preferences, learning styles, and performance, allowing for adaptive learning paths and tailored content delivery.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of Microlearning</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Microlearning offers several benefits for learners and organizations, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Improved Engagement:</strong> Capture learner attention and maintain engagement with short, focused learning activities that fit into busy schedules and accommodate short attention spans.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Enhanced Retention:</strong> Increase retention and comprehension of learning material by delivering content in small, digestible chunks, spaced out over time to reinforce learning and memory consolidation.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Flexible Learning:</strong> Provide flexibility and accessibility for learners to access microlearning content anytime, anywhere, and on any device, allowing for on-the-go learning and just-in-time support.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Cost-Effectiveness:</strong> Reduce costs associated with traditional classroom training by delivering microlearning content through digital platforms, minimizing time away from work and travel expenses.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Performance Improvement:</strong> Support continuous learning and skill development by delivering targeted, relevant microlearning content that addresses specific knowledge gaps, challenges, or performance objectives.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Applications of Microlearning</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Microlearning can be applied in various contexts and industries, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Corporate Training:</strong> Use microlearning modules to deliver compliance training, product knowledge, soft skills development, and onboarding for employees, improving job performance and productivity.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Educational Institutions:</strong> Integrate microlearning into classroom instruction, online courses, and blended learning programs to supplement traditional teaching methods, engage students, and support self-directed learning.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Professional Development:</strong> Provide microlearning resources for professional development, career advancement, and lifelong learning, allowing professionals to acquire new skills, certifications, and credentials on their own terms.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Healthcare and Medical Training:</strong> Deliver microlearning content for healthcare professionals, such as nurses, doctors, and pharmacists, to reinforce clinical skills, update medical knowledge, and comply with continuing education requirements.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Language Learning:</strong> Offer microlearning modules for language acquisition and fluency development, providing learners with bite-sized lessons, vocabulary drills, and pronunciation exercises for effective language learning.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Microlearning and bite-sized learning content offer a flexible, engaging, and effective approach to learning and skill development in today\'s fast-paced digital world. By leveraging microlearning principles, organizations and educators can deliver targeted, relevant learning experiences that meet the needs and preferences of modern learners, driving improved engagement, retention, and performance outcomes. As the demand for lifelong learning and on-the-go training continues to grow, microlearning will play an increasingly important role in shaping the future of education and professional development.</p>\r\n\r\n \r\n', 'images/blog/microlearning-aka-bite-sized-learningpng.png'),
(24, 'Online Learning ', 'Digital Skills and Online Certification Programs', '<h1>Digital Skills and Online Certification Programs</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In today\'s digital age, acquiring digital skills has become essential for individuals and organizations to thrive in various fields and industries. Online certification programs offer a convenient and flexible way to learn new skills, upgrade existing ones, and obtain recognized credentials that validate proficiency and expertise. In this article, we\'ll explore the significance of digital skills, the benefits of online certification programs, and their impact on career advancement and professional development.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Importance of Digital Skills</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Digital skills encompass a wide range of competencies related to technology, information, and communication, including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Computer Literacy:</strong> Basic knowledge of computer hardware, software, operating systems, and productivity tools, such as word processing, spreadsheets, and presentation software.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Internet Proficiency:</strong> Ability to navigate the internet, conduct online research, evaluate online sources, and utilize web-based applications and services effectively.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Digital Communication:</strong> Skills in email etiquette, online collaboration, virtual meetings, and social media management for effective communication and networking.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Data Literacy:</strong> Understanding of data concepts, data analysis techniques, data visualization tools, and data-driven decision-making processes to interpret and leverage data effectively.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Information Security:</strong> Knowledge of cybersecurity best practices, data privacy regulations, and risk management strategies to protect digital assets and mitigate security threats.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Benefits of Online Certification Programs</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Online certification programs offer several benefits for individuals seeking to develop digital skills and advance their careers:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Convenience and Flexibility:</strong> Access to self-paced, online courses that can be completed anytime, anywhere, and on any device, allowing learners to balance education with work, family, and other commitments.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Cost-Effectiveness:</strong> Affordable and often free or low-cost compared to traditional classroom-based training, saving on tuition fees, travel expenses, and time away from work.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Industry-Relevant Content:</strong> Curated curriculum and up-to-date course material that aligns with industry standards, emerging trends, and job market demands, ensuring relevance and applicability of skills.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Recognition and Credibility:</strong> Earn recognized certifications from reputable institutions, industry associations, and technology providers that validate skills and expertise, enhancing credibility and marketability in the job market.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Professional Development:</strong> Opportunity to acquire new skills, expand knowledge, and stay competitive in the workforce through specialized certification programs tailored to specific roles, industries, and career paths.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Impact on Career Advancement</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Online certification programs can significantly impact career advancement and professional development by:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li><strong>Opening Doors to Opportunities:</strong> Enhancing employability and job prospects by acquiring in-demand digital skills and certifications that align with employer needs and job requirements.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Increasing Earning Potential:</strong> Boosting earning potential and salary prospects by obtaining certifications that demonstrate expertise and proficiency in specialized areas, leading to promotions and salary increments.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Facilitating Career Transitions:</strong> Facilitating career transitions and pivots by acquiring new skills and certifications that enable individuals to pursue new career paths, industries, or entrepreneurial ventures.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Building a Professional Network:</strong> Connecting with industry professionals, mentors, and peers through online communities, forums, and networking events associated with certification programs, expanding professional networks and opportunities for collaboration and growth.</li>\r\n  <li><strong>Continued Learning and Growth:</strong> Fostering a culture of lifelong learning and continuous improvement by engaging in ongoing skill development, professional training, and certification renewal activities to stay relevant and adaptable in a rapidly changing digital landscape.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Digital skills are essential for success in today\'s technology-driven world, and online certification programs offer a convenient, accessible, and effective way to acquire and validate these skills. By investing in digital skills development and pursuing online certification programs, individuals can enhance their career prospects, expand their professional horizons, and stay competitive in the ever-evolving job market. As the demand for digital skills continues to grow across industries, online certification programs will play a crucial role in empowering individuals to thrive in the digital economy and build a brighter future for themselves and their organizations.</p>\r\n\r\n ', 'images/blog/digital-skills-training-program-helping-youth-get-onjpg.jpeg'),
(25, 'Study Tips and Strategies ', ' Effective Time Management Techniques', '<h1>Effective Time Management Techniques</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Time management is a crucial skill for success in both personal and professional life. By effectively managing your time, you can increase productivity, reduce stress, and achieve your goals more efficiently. In this article, we\'ll explore some effective time management techniques that can help you make the most of your time and enhance your overall effectiveness.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>1. Prioritize Your Tasks</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Start by identifying your most important tasks and prioritizing them based on their urgency and importance. Use techniques like the Eisenhower Matrix to categorize tasks into four quadrants: urgent and important, important but not urgent, urgent but not important, and neither urgent nor important. Focus on completing tasks in the first quadrant first, then move on to the others.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>2. Set SMART Goals</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Set Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound (SMART) goals to give yourself clear objectives to work towards. Break down larger goals into smaller, actionable steps, and set deadlines for each step to keep yourself accountable and on track.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>3. Use Time Blocking</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Allocate specific blocks of time for different activities throughout your day. Schedule time for focused work, meetings, breaks, and personal activities. Stick to your schedule as much as possible, and avoid multitasking, as it can reduce productivity and increase distractions.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>4. Minimize Distractions</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Identify common distractions in your environment, such as social media, email notifications, or noisy coworkers, and take steps to minimize them. Turn off unnecessary notifications, set specific times to check email and social media, and create a quiet, clutter-free workspace where you can focus without interruptions.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>5. Learn to Say No</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Be selective about the commitments you take on and learn to say no to tasks or projects that don\'t align with your goals or priorities. Delegate tasks when possible, and don\'t be afraid to ask for help when needed. Protect your time and energy for activities that bring you closer to your objectives.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>6. Take Regular Breaks</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Give yourself permission to take regular breaks throughout the day to rest and recharge. Short breaks can help improve focus, concentration, and productivity, while also reducing the risk of burnout. Use techniques like the Pomodoro Technique, which involves working for 25 minutes followed by a 5-minute break, to maintain focus and motivation.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>7. Review and Reflect</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Take time at the end of each day or week to review your progress, celebrate your accomplishments, and identify areas for improvement. Reflect on what went well and what didn\'t, and adjust your approach as needed. Continuously refine your time management techniques to optimize your productivity and effectiveness over time.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Effective time management is a skill that can be learned and mastered with practice. By prioritizing your tasks, setting SMART goals, using time blocking, minimizing distractions, learning to say no, taking regular breaks, and reviewing your progress regularly, you can make the most of your time and achieve your goals with greater efficiency and ease.</p>\r\n', 'images/blog/timemanegmentjpg.jpg'),
(26, 'Study Tips and Strategies ', ' Active Learning Methods and Study Techniques', '<h1>Active Learning Methods and Study Techniques</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Active learning methods and study techniques are effective strategies for enhancing engagement, comprehension, and retention of information. By actively participating in the learning process, students can deepen their understanding of concepts, develop critical thinking skills, and improve academic performance. In this article, we\'ll explore some active learning methods and study techniques that can help students maximize their learning potential.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>1. Peer Teaching</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Peer teaching involves students teaching and explaining concepts to their peers. This method not only reinforces the material for the student who is teaching but also benefits the student receiving the explanation by providing a different perspective and encouraging active participation.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>2. Group Discussions</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Group discussions allow students to collaborate, share ideas, and debate concepts with their peers. Encourage active participation by assigning roles within the group, setting clear objectives for the discussion, and providing prompts or questions to guide the conversation.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>3. Problem-Based Learning</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Problem-based learning (PBL) involves presenting students with real-world problems or scenarios and challenging them to find solutions through research, analysis, and critical thinking. PBL encourages students to take ownership of their learning and apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>4. Concept Mapping</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Concept mapping is a visual learning tool that helps students organize and connect key concepts and ideas. Encourage students to create concept maps by identifying central concepts, linking related ideas, and providing examples or explanations to illustrate relationships.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>5. Active Reading Strategies</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Active reading involves engaging with the text actively rather than passively. Encourage students to use techniques like highlighting or underlining key points, taking notes, asking questions, and summarizing information to improve comprehension and retention while reading.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>6. Mnemonics and Memory Techniques</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Mnemonics are memory aids or techniques that help students remember information more effectively. Encourage students to create mnemonic devices, such as acronyms, rhymes, or visual imagery, to recall key facts, concepts, or lists.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>7. Practice Testing</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Practice testing involves actively retrieving information from memory through self-testing or quizzing. Encourage students to test themselves regularly using flashcards, practice exams, or self-assessment quizzes to reinforce learning and identify areas for improvement.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>8. Spaced Repetition</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Spaced repetition is a learning technique that involves reviewing material at increasing intervals over time to improve retention. Encourage students to space out their study sessions and review material regularly to reinforce learning and prevent forgetting.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Active learning methods and study techniques offer powerful tools for students to enhance their learning experience and achieve academic success. By actively engaging with the material, collaborating with peers, solving problems, organizing information, and practicing retrieval, students can deepen their understanding, improve retention, and develop lifelong learning skills that will serve them well in their academic and professional endeavors.</p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n', 'images/blog/activelearning2jpg.jpg'),
(27, 'Study Tips and Strategies ', ' Mindfulness and Stress Management for Students ', '<h1>Mindfulness and Stress Management for Students</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>As students navigate the challenges of academic life, it\'s essential for them to develop mindfulness and stress management techniques to maintain their well-being and academic performance. Mindfulness, the practice of being present and aware of one\'s thoughts, feelings, and sensations without judgment, can help students reduce stress, improve focus, and enhance overall mental health. In this article, we\'ll explore some mindfulness and stress management techniques that students can incorporate into their daily lives.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>1. Mindful Breathing</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Encourage students to practice mindful breathing exercises to calm their minds and reduce stress. Simple techniques, such as deep breathing or diaphragmatic breathing, can help students center themselves, regulate their emotions, and improve their ability to concentrate.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>2. Meditation and Visualization</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Introduce students to meditation and visualization practices to cultivate mindfulness and relaxation. Guided meditation sessions or visualization exercises can help students quiet their minds, reduce anxiety, and promote a sense of inner peace and well-being.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>3. Body Scan</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Guide students through body scan exercises to increase body awareness and release tension. Encourage students to systematically scan their bodies from head to toe, noticing any areas of tension or discomfort and allowing them to relax and let go.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>4. Mindful Walking</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Encourage students to practice mindful walking by paying attention to each step, the sensation of their feet touching the ground, and the movement of their body. Mindful walking can help students connect with the present moment, reduce stress, and improve their mood.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>5. Journaling</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Encourage students to keep a mindfulness journal to reflect on their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Writing can be a powerful tool for self-reflection, self-expression, and stress relief, allowing students to gain insight into their mental and emotional state and identify patterns or triggers.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>6. Gratitude Practice</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Encourage students to cultivate gratitude by practicing gratitude exercises regularly. Encourage them to reflect on things they\'re grateful for, whether big or small, and express appreciation for the positive aspects of their lives. Gratitude practice can help students shift their focus from negative thoughts to positive ones and improve their overall well-being.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>7. Setting Boundaries</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Teach students the importance of setting boundaries and prioritizing self-care. Encourage them to establish healthy boundaries with their time, energy, and commitments, and to prioritize activities that nourish their well-being, such as exercise, hobbies, and social connections.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>8. Seeking Support</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Remind students that it\'s okay to ask for help and seek support when needed. Encourage them to reach out to trusted friends, family members, teachers, or mental health professionals if they\'re feeling overwhelmed or struggling with stress. Building a support network can provide students with the resources and encouragement they need to cope with challenges and thrive.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Mindfulness and stress management are essential skills for students to cultivate as they navigate the demands of academic life. By incorporating mindfulness practices into their daily routines and developing effective stress management techniques, students can reduce stress, improve focus, and enhance their overall well-being, empowering them to succeed academically and lead fulfilling lives.</p>\r\n\r\n ', 'images/blog/mindfulnessjpeg.jpeg');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `bodmas rule`
--

CREATE TABLE `bodmas rule` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `bodmas rule`
--

INSERT INTO `bodmas rule` (`indx`, `c_name`, `lecture_no`, `Lecture_topic`, `Lecture_Description`, `lecture_outcomes`, `video_url`, `lesson_pdf`) VALUES
(10, NULL, 4, 'Indo Pak History', 'Indo Pak History', 'abc', 'coursePdf/LEC 3.mp4', 'PDF');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `bodmas rule_testabc`
--

CREATE TABLE `bodmas rule_testabc` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `Question` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_A` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_B` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_C` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_D` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Correct_Answer` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `bodmas rule_testabc`
--

INSERT INTO `bodmas rule_testabc` (`indx`, `Question`, `Option_A`, `Option_B`, `Option_C`, `Option_D`, `Correct_Answer`) VALUES
(1, 'what is ment by abc ', 'abc', 'bce', 'cde', 'efg', 'efg'),
(2, 'what is ment by abc ', 'abc', 'bce', 'cde', 'efg', 'efg'),
(3, 'what is ment by abc ', 'abc', 'bce', 'cde', 'efg', 'efg'),
(4, 'what is ment by abc ', 'abc', 'bce', 'cde', 'efg', 'efg'),
(5, 'what is ment by abc ', 'abc', 'bce', 'cde', 'efg', 'efg'),
(6, 'what is ment by abc ', 'abc', 'bce', 'cde', 'efg', 'efg'),
(7, 'what is ment by abc ', 'abc', 'bce', 'cde', 'efg', 'efg'),
(8, 'what is ment by abc ', 'abc', 'bce', 'cde', 'efg', 'efg'),
(9, 'what is ment by abc ', 'abc', 'bce', 'cde', 'efg', 'efg'),
(10, 'what is ment by abc ', 'abc', 'bce', 'cde', 'efg', 'efg');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `chanakya empire`
--

CREATE TABLE `chanakya empire` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `chemical science_students`
--

CREATE TABLE `chemical science_students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `companion of holy prophet`
--

CREATE TABLE `companion of holy prophet` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `complain_box`
--

CREATE TABLE `complain_box` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `Sname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Sid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Sip` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `complain_date` date NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `complain_box`
--

INSERT INTO `complain_box` (`indx`, `Sname`, `Sid`, `Sip`, `complain_date`) VALUES
(1, 'John Doe', 'S001', '192.168.1.1', '2024-07-25'),
(2, 'Jane Smith', 'S002', '192.168.1.2', '2024-07-25'),
(3, 'Alice Johnson', 'S003', '192.168.1.3', '2024-07-25'),
(4, 'Bob Brown', 'S004', '192.168.1.4', '2024-07-25'),
(5, 'Ahmad Mujtaba', 's5', '192.168.1.1', '2024-07-26'),
(6, 'Ahmad Mujtaba', 's5', '192.168.1.1', '2024-07-26'),
(7, 'Ahmad Mujtaba', 's5', '192.168.1.1', '2024-07-26'),
(8, 'Ahmad Mujtaba', 's5', '192.168.1.1', '2024-07-26');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `computer _students`
--

CREATE TABLE `computer _students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `correction of sentences`
--

CREATE TABLE `correction of sentences` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `course_descriptions`
--

CREATE TABLE `course_descriptions` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `course_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `course_description` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `learning_outcomes` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `course_descriptions`
--

INSERT INTO `course_descriptions` (`indx`, `course_name`, `course_description`, `learning_outcomes`, `video_url`) VALUES
(139, 'BODMAS rule', 'BODMAS rule establishes the sequence of mathematical operations: Brackets, Orders (powers and roots), Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction, ensuring accurate computation and consistent results in mathematical expressions.', 'Understanding BODMAS rule enhances computational accuracy, fosters systematic problem-solving skills, and ensures consistency in mathematical expressions, empowering learners to tackle complex equations with confidence and precision, laying a solid founda', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(140, 'BINOMIAL and polynomial equations', 'Binomial and polynomial equations involve multiple terms, including squares, and their solutions, fundamental in algebra and widely applicable in various fields, from physics to economics.', 'Studying binomial and polynomial equations deepens understanding of algebraic concepts, polynomial functions, and equation-solving techniques, fostering proficiency in analyzing mathematical expressions, modeling real-world phenomena, and solving complex ', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(141, 'BINOMIAL and polynomial equations', 'Arithmetic equations involve basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, forming the foundation for more complex mathematical concepts and problem-solving strategies in various fields.', 'Studying arithmetic equations cultivates foundational math skills, enhances problem-solving abilities, and fosters numerical fluency, empowering learners to apply mathematical concepts confidently in diverse contexts, from everyday calculations to advance', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(142, 'BINOMIAL and polynomial equations', 'Arithmetic equations involve basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, forming the foundation for more complex mathematical concepts and problem-solving strategies in various fields.', 'Studying arithmetic equations cultivates foundational math skills, enhances problem-solving abilities, and fosters numerical fluency, empowering learners to apply mathematical concepts confidently in diverse contexts, from everyday calculations to advance', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(143, 'arithmetic equations', 'Arithmetic equations involve basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, forming the foundation for more complex mathematical concepts and problem-solving strategies in various fields.', 'Studying arithmetic equations cultivates foundational math skills, enhances problem-solving abilities, and fosters numerical fluency, empowering learners to apply mathematical concepts confidently in diverse contexts, from everyday calculations to advance', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(144, ' profit and loss questions', 'Profit and loss questions involve calculating financial gains or losses in business transactions, essential for evaluating business performance and making informed financial decisions in various industries.', 'Mastering profit and loss questions enhances financial literacy, enabling learners to assess business profitability, analyze investment opportunities, and make informed financial decisions, essential skills for navigating the complexities of economic tran', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(145, 'directions questions', 'Direction questions involve navigating using compass points or cardinal directions, crucial for spatial orientation in various contexts such as geography, outdoor activities, and navigation systems.', 'Studying direction questions enhances spatial reasoning skills, fostering proficiency in navigating using compass points and cardinal directions, critical for geographic understanding, outdoor exploration, and effective use of navigation tools, facilitati', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(146, 'speed distance velocity', 'Speed, distance, and velocity refer to measures of motion, including the rate of movement, total distance traveled, and direction, crucial for understanding motion and calculating travel-related variables.', 'Studying speed, distance, and velocity enhances comprehension of motion dynamics, facilitating accurate calculations of travel time, distances covered, and velocities attained, essential for navigation, transportation planning, and analyzing physical phen', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(147, 'ratio and proportion', 'Ratio and proportion involve comparing quantities using fractions or equivalent ratios, fundamental for solving mathematical problems and understanding relationships between different quantities in various contexts', 'Studying ratio and proportion enhances understanding of quantitative relationships, fostering proficiency in comparing and scaling quantities, essential for solving mathematical problems and interpreting real-world data in fields such as finance, science,', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(148, 'profit percentage questions', 'Profit percentage questions entail calculating the percentage of profit earned on a particular investment or sale, crucial for evaluating business performance and making informed financial decisions in various industries.', 'Mastering profit percentage questions equips learners with essential financial analysis skills, enabling them to evaluate business profitability, assess investment opportunities, and make informed financial decisions, critical for success in entrepreneurs', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(149, 'mean median mode average calendar problems', 'Mean, median, mode, average, and calendar problems involve statistical calculations and temporal reasoning, essential for data analysis and scheduling tasks in various contexts, from business to personal planning.', 'Studying mean, median, mode, average, and calendar problems enhances statistical literacy and temporal reasoning skills, fostering proficiency in analyzing data distributions, calculating central tendencies, and solving time-related problems, essential fo', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(150, 'mean median mode average calendar problems', 'Mean, median, mode, average, and calendar problems involve statistical calculations and temporal reasoning, essential for data analysis and scheduling tasks in various contexts, from business to personal planning.', 'Mastering age problems enhances algebraic problem-solving skills, fostering proficiency in interpreting and solving equations involving age-related conditions and relationships, crucial for analytical thinking and decision-making in various personal, acad', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(151, 'age problems', 'Mean, median, mode, average, and calendar problems involve statistical calculations and temporal reasoning, essential for data analysis and scheduling tasks in various contexts, from business to personal planning.', 'Mastering age problems enhances algebraic problem-solving skills, fostering proficiency in interpreting and solving equations involving age-related conditions and relationships, crucial for analytical thinking and decision-making in various personal, acad', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(152, 'age problems', 'Mean, median, mode, average, and calendar problems involve statistical calculations and temporal reasoning, essential for data analysis and scheduling tasks in various contexts, from business to personal planning.', 'Mastering age problems enhances algebraic problem-solving skills, fostering proficiency in interpreting and solving equations involving age-related conditions and relationships, crucial for analytical thinking and decision-making in various personal, acad', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(153, 'All civilizations', 'All civilizations course delves into the study of ancient, medieval, and modern societies worldwide, exploring their cultures, achievements, conflicts, and contributions to human history and development.', 'Studying all civilizations cultivates a deep understanding of diverse cultural perspectives, historical contexts, and global interactions, fostering critical thinking skills, empathy, and appreciation for human diversity, essential for informed citizenshi', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(154, 'All civilizations', 'The Sumerian civilization, flourishing in ancient Mesopotamia, developed advanced systems of writing, urbanization, governance, and irrigation, laying the foundation for subsequent Mesopotamian cultures and influencing civilizations worldwide.', 'Studying the Sumerian civilization fosters an understanding of early urbanization, governance, and cultural achievements, providing insights into the development of complex societies and their enduring impact on subsequent civilizations, contributing to a', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(155, 'Sumerian civilization', 'The Sumerian civilization, flourishing in ancient Mesopotamia, developed advanced systems of writing, urbanization, governance, and irrigation, laying the foundation for subsequent Mesopotamian cultures and influencing civilizations worldwide.', 'Studying the Sumerian civilization fosters an understanding of early urbanization, governance, and cultural achievements, providing insights into the development of complex societies and their enduring impact on subsequent civilizations, contributing to a', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(156, ' Indus Valley civilization', 'The Indus Valley civilization, flourishing in present-day South Asia, boasted advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and distinctive seals, offering valuable insights into early urban societies and trade networks.', 'Studying the Indus Valley civilization enhances understanding of early urbanization, sophisticated engineering, and long-distance trade, fostering appreciation for cultural achievements, governance systems, and the complexities of ancient societies, contr', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(157, 'Mesopotamian civilization', 'The Mesopotamian civilization, situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, was renowned for its innovations in writing, law, agriculture, and urbanization, laying the foundation for subsequent civilizations in the region.', 'Studying Mesopotamian civilization enhances understanding of early urban societies, legal codes like Hammurabi\'s Law, irrigation systems, cuneiform writing, and cultural contributions, providing insights into the complexities of ancient societies and thei', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(158, 'Chanakya empire', 'The Maurya Empire, under Chanakya\'s guidance, thrived in ancient India, renowned for its strategic governance, economic policies, and political acumen, shaping the region\'s history and influencing subsequent dynasties.', 'Studying the Chanakya-led Maurya Empire deepens understanding of ancient Indian history, governance strategies, and economic policies, highlighting the significance of political acumen, diplomacy, and administrative expertise in shaping empires, fostering', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(159, 'Roman empire', 'The Roman Empire, spanning from antiquity to medieval times, dominated the Mediterranean region with its vast territorial conquests, sophisticated infrastructure, legal system, and cultural influence, shaping Western civilization profoundly', 'Studying the Roman Empire enriches understanding of ancient history, governance, military strategies, engineering feats, and cultural advancements, fostering insights into the complexities of imperial power, societal dynamics, and enduring legacies that c', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(160, 'Mauryan empire', 'The Mauryan Empire, flourishing in ancient India, was characterized by its expansive territorial conquests, sophisticated administrative system, promotion of Buddhism, and enduring influence on Indian political and cultural landscapes.', 'Studying the Mauryan Empire enriches understanding of ancient Indian history, governance structures, diplomatic relations, economic policies, and cultural exchanges, fostering insights into the complexities of early empires, their contributions to societa', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(161, 'Arrival of Islam in subcontinent', 'The arrival of Islam in the Indian subcontinent, facilitated through trade and conquest, led to the formation of diverse Muslim communities and significant cultural and religious transformations in the region.', 'Studying the arrival of Islam in the Indian subcontinent enhances understanding of religious diffusion, cultural syncretism, and socio-political transformations, fostering insights into the complexities of religious encounters, community formation, and th', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(162, ' Ghaznavid dynasty', 'The Ghaznavid dynasty, prominent in medieval Persia, is noted for its cultural patronage, military conquests, and contributions to art, literature, and architecture, influencing subsequent Islamic civilizations in the region.', 'Studying the Ghaznavid dynasty enriches understanding of medieval Persian history, cultural dynamics, and military strategies, fostering insights into the complexities of dynastic rule, cultural exchanges, and the enduring legacy of Persianate civilizatio', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(163, ' Ghaznavid dynasty', 'The Ghurid dynasty, prominent in medieval Persia and India, is noted for its military conquests, cultural advancements, and patronage of art, literature, and architecture, shaping the region\'s history and culture.', 'Studying the Ghurid dynasty enriches understanding of medieval Persian and Indian history, military strategies, and cultural exchanges, fostering insights into the dynamics of empire-building, cultural assimilation, and the transmission of knowledge and i', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(164, 'Ghurid dynasty', 'The Ghurid dynasty, prominent in medieval Persia and India, is noted for its military conquests, cultural advancements, and patronage of art, literature, and architecture, shaping the region\'s history and culture.', 'Studying the Ghurid dynasty enriches understanding of medieval Persian and Indian history, military strategies, and cultural exchanges, fostering insights into the dynamics of empire-building, cultural assimilation, and the transmission of knowledge and i', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YpKej05RgsY?si=Y99fM7JJsWSk3MUI'),
(165, 'Slave dynasty', '\"The Slave dynasty, ruling medieval India, is renowned for its architectural achievements, including the iconic Qutb Minar, and its contributions to Islamic art, culture, and governance in the region.\"', 'Studying the Ghurid dynasty enriches understanding of medieval Persian and Indian history, military strategies, and cultural exchanges, fostering insights into the dynamics of empire-building, cultural assimilation, and the transmission of knowledge and i', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/pRSa_6Ga9kM?si=kyJMy5OrkRS416Sa'),
(166, 'Tughlaq dynasty', 'The Tughlaq dynasty, ruling Delhi Sultanate from 1320 to 1414, enacted ambitious administrative reforms, but faced challenges due to erratic policies, economic strain, and rebellions, leading to its eventual decline.', 'Assess the Tughlaq dynasty\'s political, administrative, and economic reforms, evaluate their cultural contributions, and analyze the factors leading to the dynasty\'s eventual decline, providing a comprehensive understanding of its significance within the ', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/pRSa_6Ga9kM?si=kyJMy5OrkRS416Sa'),
(167, ' Lodhi dynasty', 'The Lodhi dynasty, ruling the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526, is notable for its efforts to consolidate power and defend against external threats before succumbing to Babur\'s Mughal conquest.', 'Evaluate Lodhi dynasty\'s consolidation efforts, administrative reforms, cultural developments, and factors leading to downfall, providing comprehensive understanding within the context of Delhi Sultanate history, including their significance in shaping su', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/pRSa_6Ga9kM?si=kyJMy5OrkRS416Sa'),
(168, 'Mughal era', 'The Mughal era, spanning 1526 to 1857 in India, characterized by cultural richness, architectural marvels, administrative innovations, and eventual decline amidst external invasions and internal conflicts.', 'Analyze Mughal socio-political structures, cultural achievements, economic policies, and factors contributing to decline within Indian history, encompassing art, architecture, literature, trade, agriculture, and external invasions.', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/pRSa_6Ga9kM?si=kyJMy5OrkRS416Sa'),
(169, 'All reformers', 'Throughout history, diverse reformers emerged globally, challenging norms and advocating for change in social, political, and religious realms, shaping societies and influencing future generations.', 'Explore diverse reformers\' motivations, methods, societal impact, contexts, and lasting legacies across social, political, and religious realms, shaping subsequent generations and norms.', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/pRSa_6Ga9kM?si=kyJMy5OrkRS416Sa'),
(170, 'All wars', 'Analyze causes, strategies, consequences, societal impacts, technology, ideology, diplomacy, legacies, and lessons of historical wars, shaping global dynamics and cultures.', 'Analyze causes, strategies, consequences, societal impacts, technology, ideology, diplomacy, legacies, and lessons of historical wars, shaping global dynamics and cultures.', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/pRSa_6Ga9kM?si=kyJMy5OrkRS416Sa'),
(171, 'All wars', 'Analyze causes, strategies, consequences, societal impacts, technology, ideology, diplomacy, legacies, and lessons of historical wars, shaping global dynamics and cultures.', 'Analyze causes, strategies, consequences, societal impacts, technology, ideology, diplomacy, legacies, and lessons of historical wars, shaping global dynamics and cultures.', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/pRSa_6Ga9kM?si=kyJMy5OrkRS416Sa'),
(172, 'World geography', 'World geography encompasses the study of Earth\'s diverse physical features, climates, environments, and human interactions, providing insights into global landscapes and the interconnectivity of nations and cultures.', 'World geography', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q9HS_SyBRv8?si=FMSsEnqLI_yu8r06'),
(173, 'Basics of geography of the whole world', 'A foundational study of global geography, encompassing Earth\'s physical features, climates, environments, and human interactions, providing essential knowledge of the world\'s diverse landscapes and cultural regions.', 'Gain foundational understanding of global geography, including physical features, climates, environments, and cultural regions, enabling analysis of spatial patterns, interactions between human societies and their environments, and appreciation of Earth\'s', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q9HS_SyBRv8?si=FMSsEnqLI_yu8r06'),
(174, ' Island longitude', 'Longitude indicates the east-west position on Earth, measured in degrees from the Prime Meridian, influencing time zones and navigation across the globe\'s longitudinal lines.', 'Understand longitude\'s significance, time zone correlation, navigation, mapping roles, and application for precise location determination.', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q9HS_SyBRv8?si=FMSsEnqLI_yu8r06'),
(175, ' Latitude', 'Latitude measures north-south positions on Earth, with the Equator as the reference, influencing climate, navigation, and understanding global spatial relationships across latitudinal lines.', 'Understand the concept and importance of latitude in geographical coordinates, analyze its role in climate patterns, navigation, and global spatial relationships, and apply latitude knowledge to interpret maps and accurately determine locations on Earth\'s', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q9HS_SyBRv8?si=FMSsEnqLI_yu8r06'),
(176, 'Abbreviation of computer', '\"Comprehensive Overview of Computing Operations, Machinery, Organization, Techniques, Exploration, Resources, Networks, Efficiency, Security, Applications, Development, Integration, Collaboration, Communication, and Impact on Society and Industries.', 'Proficiency in basic computing concepts, competence in hardware and software fundamentals, ability to develop and apply algorithms, proficient in programming languages, understanding of network structures and protocols, capability in troubleshooting and p', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(177, 'Types of memory', 'Exploration of various memory types such as RAM, ROM, cache, and secondary storage, their functions, applications, and impact on computing performance and data management strategies.', 'Understanding memory types and management, implementing allocation strategies, troubleshooting issues, mastering data storage for efficient computing.', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(178, 'Basic unit of data storage', 'Exploration of various memory types such as RAM, ROM, cache, and secondary storage, their functions, applications, and impact on computing performance and data management strategies.', 'Understand the principles of data storage and retrieval mechanisms. Gain proficiency in organizing and managing data using databases and file systems. Develop skills in selecting appropriate data structures for efficient storage and retrieval. Apply knowl', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(179, 'Generation', 'word description: Trace the historical development of computing from the earliest mechanical devices to modern digital systems, analyzing key innovations and their impact on society and industry.', 'Understand the evolution of computing technology from mechanical devices to modern digital systems. Analyze the key innovations and breakthroughs that have driven the advancement of computer generations. Evaluate the impact of each generation of computers', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(180, 'Operating system', 'word description: Study the core principles and components of operating systems, including process management, memory management, file systems, and I/O handling, crucial for understanding computer system operation and software development.', 'Understand the essential functions and components of operating systems. Gain proficiency in process management, memory management, and file system operations. Develop skills in handling I/O devices and managing system resources efficiently. Apply knowledg', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(181, 'Windows', 'Dive into the user interface, system management tools, security features, and networking capabilities of the Windows operating system, essential for users and administrators in today\'s computing environments', 'Master the user interface and navigation features of the Windows operating system. Learn to configure system settings, manage files, and install applications effectively. Understand security measures and best practices for safeguarding Windows-based syste', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(182, 'Input-output devices ', 'Study the diverse range of input and output devices, including keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and more, understanding their functionality and integration into computer systems for efficient data processing.', 'Identify various input and output devices and their roles in computer systems. Understand the principles of input and output operations and their interaction with software. Gain proficiency in configuring and troubleshooting input and output devices. Appl', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(183, 'Input-output devices ', 'Study the diverse range of input and output devices, including keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and more, understanding their functionality and integration into computer systems for efficient data processing.', 'Identify various input and output devices and their roles in computer systems. Understand the principles of input and output operations and their interaction with software. Gain proficiency in configuring and troubleshooting input and output devices. Appl', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(184, 'Input-output devices ', 'Study the diverse range of input and output devices, including keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and more, understanding their functionality and integration into computer systems for efficient data processing.', 'Identify various input and output devices and their roles in computer systems. Understand the principles of input and output operations and their interaction with software. Gain proficiency in configuring and troubleshooting input and output devices. Appl', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(185, 'Types of computer system', 'Examine the characteristics and applications of various computer system types, from powerful mainframes and supercomputers to versatile servers, desktops, laptops, and specialized embedded systems, shaping modern computing landscapes.', 'Understand the distinct features and capabilities of different computer system types. Analyze the suitability of each system type for specific computing tasks and environments. Gain proficiency in configuring and managing various computer systems to meet ', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(186, 'Modem', 'Study the functionality, types, and applications of modems, critical devices for converting digital signals into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines, cable systems, or wireless networks.', 'Understand the principles of modulation and demodulation in data transmission. Identify different types of modems, including dial-up, cable, DSL, and wireless modems. Gain proficiency in configuring and troubleshooting modems for reliable data communicati', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(187, 'MS Office', 'Explore the features and functionalities of Microsoft Office suite, including word processing, spreadsheet analysis, presentation design, and email management, essential for efficient document creation and communication in professional settings.', 'Develop proficiency in using Microsoft Word for document creation and formatting. Learn advanced features of Microsoft Excel for data analysis, visualization, and reporting. Master Microsoft PowerPoint for creating dynamic presentations with multimedia el', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(188, ' Word', 'Master Microsoft Word, the industry-standard word processing software, for creating professional documents, applying formatting, managing references, and collaborating with others seamlessly in various work environments.', 'Develop proficiency in creating and formatting documents, including text, images, and tables, using Microsoft Word. Learn advanced features such as styles, templates, mail merge, and macros to automate document creation and streamline workflows. Enhance c', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(189, ' Excel', 'Dive into Microsoft Excel, a powerful spreadsheet tool, to analyze data, create insightful visualizations, generate reports, and automate tasks, essential for effective decision-making and productivity in various domains.', 'Develop proficiency in using Excel functions, formulas, and pivot tables for data analysis and manipulation. Learn advanced techniques for creating dynamic charts, graphs, and dashboards to visualize data effectively. Master Excel\'s features for automatin', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(190, 'PowerPoint', 'Explore Microsoft PowerPoint, a versatile presentation software, to design captivating slideshows, incorporate multimedia content, deliver engaging presentations, and convey ideas effectively in various professional and educational settings.', 'Develop proficiency in creating visually appealing slideshows with text, images, videos, and animations using PowerPoint. Learn advanced features such as slide transitions, narration, and timing for delivering dynamic and interactive presentations. Master', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(191, 'PowerPoint', 'Explore Microsoft PowerPoint, a versatile presentation software, to design captivating slideshows, incorporate multimedia content, deliver engaging presentations, and convey ideas effectively in various professional and educational settings.', 'Develop proficiency in creating visually appealing slideshows with text, images, videos, and animations using PowerPoint. Learn advanced features such as slide transitions, narration, and timing for delivering dynamic and interactive presentations. Master', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/6bNM_r00r8Y?si=KgQQ9nOKxEfDmKIA'),
(192, 'Pre and post-partition of Pakistan', 'Examine the socio-political, cultural, and economic factors contributing to the partition of India in 1947 and the aftermath, focusing on the creation, challenges, and development of Pakistan as a separate nation-state.', 'Understand the historical context and factors leading to the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan. Analyze the impact of partition on communities, societies, and identities in the region. Evaluate the challenges faced by Pakistan in the post-pa', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/i4ZnB_NKJF0?si=Njwb27CuZe_QGObf'),
(193, 'Pre and post-partition of Pakistan', ' Trace the political development and constitutional evolution of Pakistan from independence in 1947 to the present, examining key events, leaders, ideologies, and institutions shaping its governance structures.', 'Understand the historical context and factors leading to the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan. Analyze the impact of partition on communities, societies, and identities in the region. Evaluate the challenges faced by Pakistan in the post-pa', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/i4ZnB_NKJF0?si=Njwb27CuZe_QGObf'),
(194, ' Political and constitutional history of Pakistan', ' Trace the political development and constitutional evolution of Pakistan from independence in 1947 to the present, examining key events, leaders, ideologies, and institutions shaping its governance structures.', 'Understand the historical context and factors leading to the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan. Analyze the impact of partition on communities, societies, and identities in the region. Evaluate the challenges faced by Pakistan in the post-pa', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/i4ZnB_NKJF0?si=Njwb27CuZe_QGObf'),
(195, ' Sir Syed and his services', 'Examine the visionary initiatives and transformative impact of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in promoting modern education, social reform, and communal harmony in 19th-century India', 'Understand the socio-political context of 19th-century India and the challenges faced by the Muslim community. Analyze the educational philosophy and initiatives of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in establishing Aligarh Movement and Aligarh Muslim University. Evalua', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/i4ZnB_NKJF0?si=Njwb27CuZe_QGObf'),
(196, 'Pakistan political and economic affairs', 'Analyze the dynamic relationship between political processes and economic policies in Pakistan, exploring key issues, challenges, and opportunities influencing the country\'s socio-economic landscape and governance structures.', 'Understand the historical context and contemporary dynamics of Pakistan\'s political and economic systems. Analyze the impact of political stability, governance effectiveness, and policy decisions on Pakistan\'s economic growth, development, and distributio', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/i4ZnB_NKJF0?si=Njwb27CuZe_QGObf'),
(197, ' Social issues', 'Examine pressing social issues such as poverty, inequality, discrimination, environmental degradation, and health disparities, analyzing their root causes, impacts on individuals and communities, and potential solutions through interdisciplinary perspecti', 'Understand the multifaceted nature and interconnectedness of contemporary social issues affecting diverse communities worldwide. Analyze the root causes, manifestations, and consequences of social problems, considering historical, cultural, economic, and ', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/i4ZnB_NKJF0?si=Njwb27CuZe_QGObf'),
(198, ' Geography ', 'Explore the diverse aspects of geography, including physical geography, human geography, and geospatial technologies, to understand the Earth\'s surface, natural processes, cultural landscapes, and global interconnections.', 'Understand the fundamental concepts and principles of physical geography, including landforms, climate, biomes, and natural hazards. Analyze human-environment interactions, population distribution, cultural diversity, and economic activities shaping geogr', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/i4ZnB_NKJF0?si=Njwb27CuZe_QGObf'),
(199, 'International days', 'Examine the significance and objectives of international days designated by the United Nations and other organizations to raise awareness and mobilize action on pressing global challenges and issues.', 'Understand the purpose and history of international days, including their role in promoting global solidarity, dialogue, and advocacy for human rights, peace, and sustainable development. Explore the themes and activities associated with different interna', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/i4ZnB_NKJF0?si=Njwb27CuZe_QGObf'),
(200, 'Forms of government etc..', 'Explore the principles, structures, and functions of various forms of government, including democracy, monarchy, dictatorship, oligarchy, and authoritarianism, analyzing their origins, characteristics, and implications for societies and citizens.', 'Understand the theoretical foundations and historical evolution of different forms of government across cultures and societies. Analyze the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of democratic, authoritarian, and hybrid regimes in promoting governan', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/i4ZnB_NKJF0?si=Njwb27CuZe_QGObf'),
(201, ' Holy Prophet mentioned in Quran', 'Delve into the Quranic revelations pertaining to the life, teachings, and prophetic mission of Muhammad (peace be upon him), understanding his role as the final messenger and exemplar for humanity.', 'Gain an in-depth understanding of Quranic verses mentioning the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), including their historical context, linguistic nuances, and theological significance. Analyze the key themes and messages conveyed through Quranic n', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/ca-5NOCfhYg?si=kJul840We_RWmhY7'),
(202, 'Life of Holy Prophet from birth till demise', 'Explore the remarkable journey of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, from his birth in Mecca to his passing in Medina, examining his prophetic mission, leadership, character, and enduring impact.', 'Gain a detailed understanding of the life events, milestones, and challenges faced by the Holy Prophet Muhammad, including his upbringing, revelations, migration to Medina, and establishment of Islamic governance. Analyze the teachings, ethics, and values', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/ca-5NOCfhYg?si=kJul840We_RWmhY7'),
(203, ' Ummahat ul Momineen', 'Explore the lives, roles, and significant contributions of the Ummahat ul Momineen (Mothers of the Believers), the revered wives of Prophet Muhammad, in shaping early Islamic society and transmitting his teachings.', 'Gain a comprehensive understanding of the biographies, virtues, and accomplishments of the Ummahat ul Momineen in Islamic history and tradition. Analyze the social, educational, and spiritual roles played by the Prophet\'s wives in supporting his mission, ', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/ca-5NOCfhYg?si=kJul840We_RWmhY7'),
(204, 'Hijri and Nabvi events', ' Delve into key events from the life of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as per the Islamic calendar (Hijri), examining their historical context, significance, and enduring relevance for Muslims worldwide.', 'Gain a comprehensive understanding of important events from the life of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) occurring in the Hijri calendar, including his birth, migration (Hijra), battles, treaties, and other milestones shaping early Islamic history. An', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/ca-5NOCfhYg?si=kJul840We_RWmhY7'),
(205, 'All Ghazwat', 'Explore the Ghazwat (military campaigns) undertaken by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) during his lifetime, examining their historical context, strategies, outcomes, and significance in the spread of Islam.', 'Gain a comprehensive understanding of all Ghazwat (battles) led by Prophet Muhammad, including their causes, objectives, and key events, as documented in Islamic sources. Analyze the military tactics, leadership qualities, and ethical principles demonstra', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/ca-5NOCfhYg?si=kJul840We_RWmhY7'),
(206, 'Companion of Holy Prophet', 'Study the companions (Sahaba) of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), examining their diverse backgrounds, roles, sacrifices, and legacies in supporting and spreading the message of Islam.', 'Gain a comprehensive understanding of the lives, virtues, and accomplishments of the companions of Prophet Muhammad, including their conversion stories, loyalty, piety, and service to Islam. Analyze the roles and contributions of prominent companions in I', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/ca-5NOCfhYg?si=kJul840We_RWmhY7'),
(207, 'Umayyad dynasty', 'Examine the Umayyad Dynasty, the first hereditary dynasty of caliphs in Islam, tracing its origins, expansion, governance, cultural contributions, and eventual decline in the early Islamic period.', 'Gain an in-depth understanding of the political, social, and economic dynamics of the Umayyad Caliphate, including its establishment, administration, and territorial expansion across the Muslim world. Analyze the cultural, architectural, and intellectual ', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/ca-5NOCfhYg?si=kJul840We_RWmhY7'),
(208, ' Abbasid dynasty', 'Examine the Abbasid Dynasty, a golden age of Islamic civilization, focusing on its establishment in Baghdad, advancements in science, literature, and arts, and eventual decline under internal strife and external pressures.', 'Gain a comprehensive understanding of the political, economic, and cultural achievements of the Abbasid Caliphate, including its administrative reforms, urban development, and patronage of learning and innovation. Analyze the contributions of Abbasid scho', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/ca-5NOCfhYg?si=kJul840We_RWmhY7'),
(209, 'Quran and Hadith MCQs', 'Enhance your understanding of Islamic scriptures through a series of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) covering Quranic verses and Hadith, designed to reinforce learning and assess comprehension of key concepts.', 'Deepen your familiarity with Quranic verses and Hadith by engaging with a variety of MCQs covering diverse topics, themes, and teachings. Consolidate your understanding of Islamic principles, values, and ethical guidelines as elucidated in the Quran and H', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/ca-5NOCfhYg?si=kJul840We_RWmhY7'),
(210, 'Pillars of Islam', 'Enhance your understanding of Islamic scriptures through a series of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) covering Quranic verses and Hadith, designed to reinforce learning and assess comprehension of key concepts.', 'Gain a comprehensive understanding of the significance and practices associated with each pillar of Islam, including their theological foundations, spiritual dimensions, and practical implications for individual and communal worship. Develop proficiency i', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/ca-5NOCfhYg?si=kJul840We_RWmhY7'),
(211, 'English grammar', 'Explore the fundamental principles of English grammar, covering parts of speech, syntax, sentence structure, punctuation, and usage, essential for enhancing writing, speaking, and comprehension skills in English.', 'Understand the basic components and rules of English grammar, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions. Apply grammatical concepts to construct clear, coherent, and grammatically correct sentences and paragraph', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/mOYHGpzNLGw?si=sUWWnq5qxR4oBhFf'),
(212, 'Parts of speech', 'Explore the fundamental components of language known as parts of speech, including their definitions, functions, and usage in constructing sentences and conveying meaning in written and spoken communication.', 'Understand the definitions and characteristics of each part of speech, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, and interjections. Identify and classify words according to their respective parts of speech in sente', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/mOYHGpzNLGw?si=sUWWnq5qxR4oBhFf'),
(213, 'Antonyms & synonyms', 'Delve into the world of words by studying antonyms (opposites) and synonyms (similarities), enhancing your vocabulary, language comprehension, and communication effectiveness in written and spoken contexts.', 'Understand the concepts of antonyms and synonyms and their importance in enriching language and communication. Identify and distinguish antonyms and synonyms in context, expanding your vocabulary and enhancing your ability to express ideas with precision ', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/mOYHGpzNLGw?si=sUWWnq5qxR4oBhFf'),
(214, 'One-word substitution', 'Delve into the world of words by studying antonyms (opposites) and synonyms (similarities), enhancing your vocabulary, language comprehension, and communication effectiveness in written and spoken contexts.', 'Understand the concepts of antonyms and synonyms and their importance in enriching language and communication. Identify and distinguish antonyms and synonyms in context, expanding your vocabulary and enhancing your ability to express ideas with precision ', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/mOYHGpzNLGw?si=sUWWnq5qxR4oBhFf'),
(215, 'Tenses', ' Explore the various tenses in English grammar, including present, past, and future, along with their forms, functions, and usage rules, essential for conveying precise time relationships in written and spoken language.', 'Understand the different tenses in English, including simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms, and their corresponding time frames and uses. Identify and apply appropriate tenses in sentences and texts to convey past, present, and future', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/mOYHGpzNLGw?si=sUWWnq5qxR4oBhFf'),
(216, 'Proverbs', ' Investigate the rich tapestry of proverbs from various cultures, delving into their meanings, origins, and applications in everyday communication, literature, and cultural expression.', 'Understand the cultural significance and universal truths encapsulated in proverbs from diverse linguistic and cultural traditions. Analyze the metaphorical and symbolic meanings conveyed by proverbs, reflecting human experiences, values, and observations', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/mOYHGpzNLGw?si=sUWWnq5qxR4oBhFf'),
(217, ' Idioms', 'Explore the fascinating world of idioms—expressions with figurative meanings that go beyond literal interpretation—examining their origins, usage, and cultural significance in enhancing language proficiency and communication skills.', 'Understand the concept of idioms and their distinctive features, including figurative meanings, cultural context, and linguistic creativity. Identify common idioms in English and other languages, exploring their origins, historical roots, and variations a', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/mOYHGpzNLGw?si=sUWWnq5qxR4oBhFf'),
(218, 'Regional and international organizations', 'Examine the structures, functions, and roles of regional and international organizations, including the United Nations, European Union, NATO, ASEAN, and others, in promoting peace, development, and cooperation worldwide.', 'Understand the purposes, principles, and mandates of regional and international organizations, including their historical evolution, governance structures, and decision-making processes. Analyze the roles and contributions of key regional and internationa', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(219, 'Relations of Pakistan with different countries', 'Investigate Pakistan\'s foreign relations, analyzing diplomatic, economic, and strategic interactions with key countries and regions, including the United States, China, India, Middle East, and neighboring states.', 'Understand the historical context and geopolitical dynamics shaping Pakistan\'s relations with different countries, regions, and international organizations. Analyze the factors influencing Pakistan\'s foreign policy priorities, including security concerns,', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(220, 'Famous books', 'Delve into renowned literary masterpieces from around the world, including novels, essays, poetry, and plays, analyzing their themes, styles, and impacts on society and culture.', 'Gain an appreciation for the diversity and richness of world literature through the study of famous books from different genres, cultures, and historical epochs. Analyze the themes, characters, and literary techniques employed by renowned authors in craft', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(221, 'Famous personalities', ' Explore the lives, achievements, and contributions of prominent figures from various fields, including politics, science, literature, arts, and philosophy, analyzing their impact on global history and human progress.', 'Gain insight into the diverse array of famous personalities who have left indelible marks on the world through their actions, ideas, and innovations. Analyze the motivations, challenges, and accomplishments of famous figures, including their roles in shap', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(222, 'CPEC', 'Examine the multifaceted dimensions of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), including its infrastructure projects, economic investments, and strategic implications for China, Pakistan, and the broader region.', 'Understand the origins, objectives, and key components of CPEC, including infrastructure development, energy cooperation, and industrial collaboration between China and Pakistan. Analyze the economic, political, and social implications of CPEC for Pakista', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(223, ' Nobel Prize', ' Investigate the Nobel Prizes, honoring achievements in peace, literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, and economics, analyzing laureates, selection criteria, controversies, and contributions to human progress.', 'Understand the origins, vision, and values of the Nobel Prizes established by Alfred Nobel, and their evolution into prestigious international awards recognizing excellence and innovation in diverse fields of human endeavor. Analyze the contributions and ', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(224, 'Pakistan economy', ' Investigate the multifaceted social issues facing Pakistan, including poverty, education, healthcare, gender inequality, cultural norms, and societal challenges, analyzing their causes, impacts, and potential solutions.', 'Understand the root causes, manifestations, and consequences of major social issues in Pakistan, including poverty, illiteracy, healthcare disparities, gender discrimination, and cultural barriers to social progress. Analyze the intersectionality of socia', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(225, 'Pakistan economy', ' Investigate the multifaceted social issues facing Pakistan, including poverty, education, healthcare, gender inequality, cultural norms, and societal challenges, analyzing their causes, impacts, and potential solutions.', 'Understand the root causes, manifestations, and consequences of major social issues in Pakistan, including poverty, illiteracy, healthcare disparities, gender discrimination, and cultural barriers to social progress. Analyze the intersectionality of socia', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(226, 'Pakistan economy', 'his method is not efficient for high-quality or real-time streaming due to the overhead of encoding and transmitting images as base64 data and the reliance on polling.', 'Understand the root causes, manifestations, and consequences of major social issues in Pakistan, including poverty, illiteracy, healthcare disparities, gender discrimination, and cultural barriers to social progress. Analyze the intersectionality of socia', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1');
INSERT INTO `course_descriptions` (`indx`, `course_name`, `course_description`, `learning_outcomes`, `video_url`) VALUES
(227, 'Social issues of Pakistan', 'his method is not efficient for high-quality or real-time streaming due to the overhead of encoding and transmitting images as base64 data and the reliance on polling.', 'Understand the root causes, manifestations, and consequences of major social issues in Pakistan, including poverty, illiteracy, healthcare disparities, gender discrimination, and cultural barriers to social progress. Analyze the intersectionality of socia', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(228, ' Kashmir issues', 'Analyze the complex Kashmir issue, encompassing territorial disputes, human rights violations, geopolitical interests, and peace initiatives, exploring its historical background, current status, and potential resolutions.', 'Understand the historical context and geopolitical dynamics underlying the Kashmir conflict, including its origins, partition legacy, and implications for regional security and stability. Analyze the human rights situation in Indian-administered and Pakis', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(229, 'Ongoing disputes in the world', 'Analyze the complex Kashmir issue, encompassing territorial disputes, human rights violations, geopolitical interests, and peace initiatives, exploring its historical background, current status, and potential resolutions.', 'Understand the historical context and geopolitical dynamics underlying the Kashmir conflict, including its origins, partition legacy, and implications for regional security and stability. Analyze the human rights situation in Indian-administered and Pakis', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(230, 'Middle East', 'Examine the Middle East region, encompassing its cultural heritage, historical developments, geopolitical dynamics, socio-economic challenges, and contributions to global affairs, analyzing key themes and trends.', 'Understand the cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity of the Middle East region, including its historical significance as a cradle of civilization and a crossroads of trade, ideas, and cultures. Analyze the geopolitical complexities and regional co', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(231, ' International days', 'Examine the world of sports and recreation, including various sports disciplines, physical activities, leisure pursuits, and their role in promoting physical fitness, social interaction, and cultural exchange.', 'Understand the purpose and history of international days, including their role in promoting global solidarity, dialogue, and advocacy for human rights, peace, and sustainable development. Explore the themes and activities associated with different interna', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(232, 'Sports etc.', 'Examine the world of sports and recreation, including various sports disciplines, physical activities, leisure pursuits, and their role in promoting physical fitness, social interaction, and cultural exchange.', 'Understand the purpose and history of international days, including their role in promoting global solidarity, dialogue, and advocacy for human rights, peace, and sustainable development. Explore the themes and activities associated with different interna', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=QsYs0j8MfdAM7Ae1'),
(233, ' Introduction of Urdu ', 'Examine Urdu, a rich and poetic language with Persian and Arabic influences, exploring its origins, evolution, script, grammar, and contributions to literature, culture, and identity in South Asia.', 'Understand the linguistic origins and historical development of Urdu, tracing its evolution from medieval Indo-Aryan languages and its interaction with Persian, Arabic, and regional dialects. Analyze the phonetics, script, and grammar of Urdu, including i', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=ox0WhwN0Tar2Wj_e'),
(234, 'Authors of Urdu', 'Delve into the world of Urdu literature by studying the lives, masterpieces, and literary movements associated with influential authors, poets, and writers throughout history.', 'Understand the historical and cultural contexts shaping the works of renowned Urdu authors, including poets, novelists, essayists, and playwrights. Analyze the themes, styles, and literary techniques employed by Urdu authors, examining their contributions', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=ox0WhwN0Tar2Wj_e'),
(235, 'Grammar part of Urdu', 'Study the grammar of Urdu language, including its phonetics, morphology, syntax, and punctuation rules, essential for enhancing speaking, writing, and comprehension skills in Urdu.', 'Understand the phonetic system, script, and pronunciation rules of Urdu, including vowel and consonant sounds, intonation, and stress patterns. Analyze the morphology of Urdu, including noun and verb inflections, case markers, and agreement patterns. Appl', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=ox0WhwN0Tar2Wj_e'),
(236, 'Sarf and Nahw', 'Study Sarf (morphology) and Nahw (syntax), fundamental branches of Arabic grammar, covering word forms, verb conjugations, sentence structure, and grammatical analysis, essential for understanding and mastering Arabic language.', 'Understand the principles and rules governing word morphology (Sarf) in Arabic, including patterns of derivation, inflection, and grammatical analysis. Analyze Arabic syntax (Nahw), including sentence structure, word order, agreement, and grammatical func', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=ox0WhwN0Tar2Wj_e'),
(237, 'Correction of sentences', 'Develop skills in correcting Urdu sentences by identifying and addressing common grammatical mistakes, punctuation errors, syntax inconsistencies, and linguistic nuances for effective communication and writing.', 'Understand the rules of Urdu grammar, syntax, and punctuation, including verb conjugation, noun-adjective agreement, sentence structure, and word order. Analyze sentences in Urdu to identify grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation inaccurac', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=ox0WhwN0Tar2Wj_e'),
(238, 'Proverbs idioms', 'Delve into the world of idioms and proverbs, studying their meanings, origins, and usage in everyday language and literature, enriching communication skills and cultural understanding.', 'Understand the meanings and contexts of common idiomatic expressions and proverbs in various languages, including their cultural significance and historical origins. Analyze the figurative language and metaphorical meanings conveyed by idioms and proverbs', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=ox0WhwN0Tar2Wj_e'),
(239, ' Singular plural', 'Explore the principles governing the formation of singular and plural nouns in language, including regular and irregular patterns, exceptions, and common errors, essential for accurate communication and writing.', 'Understand the rules and patterns for forming singular and plural nouns, including rules for adding suffixes, changing vowel sounds, and irregular plurals. Analyze noun usage and context to determine appropriate singular and plural forms, ensuring grammat', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=ox0WhwN0Tar2Wj_e'),
(240, ' Antonyms synonyms', 'Delve into the world of antonyms (opposites) and synonyms (similarities), studying their meanings, usage, and applications in written and spoken language to enhance vocabulary and communication effectiveness.', 'Understand the concepts of antonyms and synonyms and their importance in enriching language and communication. Identify and distinguish antonyms and synonyms in context, expanding your vocabulary and enhancing your ability to express ideas with precision ', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/rfWQsZloGj0?si=ox0WhwN0Tar2Wj_e'),
(255, '', '', '', ''),
(256, '', '', '', ''),
(257, ' univerrse and all theories about its origion', 'Exploration of various memory types such as RAM, ROM, cache, and secondary storage, their functions, applications, and impact on computing performance and data management strategies.', 'Understanding memory types and management, implementing allocation strategies, troubleshooting issues, mastering data storage for efficient computing.', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_evmeocv7TY?si=940cV7E2Vf9Gut1r'),
(258, '', '', '', ''),
(259, '', '', '', '');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `cpec`
--

CREATE TABLE `cpec` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `current affairs_students`
--

CREATE TABLE `current affairs_students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `current_session`
--

CREATE TABLE `current_session` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `sessionName` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `starting date` date NOT NULL,
  `expiring Date` date NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `current_session`
--

INSERT INTO `current_session` (`indx`, `sessionName`, `starting date`, `expiring Date`) VALUES
(1, 'session jan', '2024-06-19', '2024-06-18');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `directions questions`
--

CREATE TABLE `directions questions` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `directions questions_direction equation test 3`
--

CREATE TABLE `directions questions_direction equation test 3` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `Question` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_A` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_B` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_C` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_D` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Correct_Answer` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `directions questions_direction equation test 3`
--

INSERT INTO `directions questions_direction equation test 3` (`indx`, `Question`, `Option_A`, `Option_B`, `Option_C`, `Option_D`, `Correct_Answer`) VALUES
(1, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsd', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsd'),
(2, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsd', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsd'),
(3, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsd', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsd'),
(4, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsd', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsd'),
(5, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsd', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsd'),
(6, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsd', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsd'),
(7, 'Question No 7', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsd', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsd'),
(8, 'Question No 7', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsd', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsd'),
(9, 'Question No 7', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsd', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsd'),
(10, 'Question No 7', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsd', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsd');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `english grammar`
--

CREATE TABLE `english grammar` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `english_students`
--

CREATE TABLE `english_students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` excel`
--

CREATE TABLE ` excel` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `faculty_webinar`
--

CREATE TABLE `faculty_webinar` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `EventNAme` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Topic` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `time` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Hosted_By` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `faculty_webinar`
--

INSERT INTO `faculty_webinar` (`indx`, `EventNAme`, `Topic`, `time`, `Hosted_By`) VALUES
(1, 'Math Lecture 1', 'Annoncements', '7 Jun-SAT-2024', 'Akhtar Malik'),
(2, 'Math Lecture no 2', 'Annoncements', '7 Jun-SAT-2024', 'Akhtar Malik'),
(3, 'Math lecture 3', 'Annoncements', '7 Jun-SAT-2024', 'Akhtar Malik');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `famous books`
--

CREATE TABLE `famous books` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `famous personalities`
--

CREATE TABLE `famous personalities` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `forms of government etc..`
--

CREATE TABLE `forms of government etc..` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `generation`
--

CREATE TABLE `generation` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` geography`
--

CREATE TABLE ` geography` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` ghaznavid dynasty`
--

CREATE TABLE ` ghaznavid dynasty` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `ghurid dynasty`
--

CREATE TABLE `ghurid dynasty` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `gk one paper 25_gk one test 1`
--

CREATE TABLE `gk one paper 25_gk one test 1` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `Question` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_A` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_B` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_C` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_D` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Correct_Answer` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `gk one paper 25_gk one test 1`
--

INSERT INTO `gk one paper 25_gk one test 1` (`indx`, `Question`, `Option_A`, `Option_B`, `Option_C`, `Option_D`, `Correct_Answer`) VALUES
(1, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean'),
(2, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean'),
(3, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean'),
(4, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean'),
(5, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean'),
(6, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean'),
(7, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean'),
(8, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean'),
(9, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean'),
(10, 'Question No 1', 'ddsmean', 'dsdsmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean', 'sdsdmean');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `grammar part of urdu`
--

CREATE TABLE `grammar part of urdu` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `hijri and nabvi events`
--

CREATE TABLE `hijri and nabvi events` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` holy prophet mentioned in quran`
--

CREATE TABLE ` holy prophet mentioned in quran` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table ` holy prophet mentioned in quran`
--

INSERT INTO ` holy prophet mentioned in quran` (`indx`, `c_name`, `lecture_no`, `Lecture_topic`, `Lecture_Description`, `lecture_outcomes`, `video_url`, `lesson_pdf`) VALUES
(1, NULL, 1, 'Islamic Studies lecture 1  ', 'islamic Studeies lecture 1 part no 1', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 1 part 1.mp4', 'PDF'),
(2, NULL, 2, 'Islamic Studies lecture 2  ', 'islamic Studeies lecture 1 part no 1', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 1 part 2.mp4', 'PDF'),
(3, NULL, 3, 'Islamic Studies lecture 3 ', 'islamic Studeies lecture 1 part no 1', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 1 part 2.mp4', 'PDF'),
(4, NULL, 4, 'Islamic Studies lecture 4', 'islamic Studeies lecture 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl LEC 2.mp4', 'PDF'),
(5, NULL, 5, 'Islamic Studies lecture 5  ', 'islamic Studeies lecture 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 3.mp4', 'PDF'),
(6, NULL, 6, 'Islamic Studies lecture 6', 'islamic Studeies lecture 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 4.mp4', 'PDF'),
(7, NULL, 7, 'Islamic Studies lecture 7', 'islamic Studeies lecture 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 5.mp4', 'PDF'),
(8, NULL, 8, 'Islamic Studies lecture 8', 'islamic Studeies lecture 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 6.mp4', 'PDF'),
(9, NULL, 9, 'Islamic Studies lecture 9', 'islamic Studeies lecture 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 7.mp4', 'PDF'),
(10, NULL, 10, 'Islamic Studies lecture 10', 'islamic Studeies lecture 9', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 8.mp4', 'PDF'),
(11, NULL, 11, 'Islamic Studies lecture 11  ', 'islamic Studeies lecture 9', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 9.mp4', 'PDF'),
(12, NULL, 12, 'Islamic Studies lecture 12', 'islamic Studeies lecture 9', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 10.mp4', 'PDF'),
(13, NULL, 13, 'Islamic Studies lecture 13', 'islamic Studeies lecture 9', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 11 part 1.mp4', 'PDF'),
(14, NULL, 14, 'Islamic Studies lecture 14  ', 'islamic Studeies lecture 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 11 part 2.mp4', 'PDF'),
(15, NULL, 15, 'Islamic Studies lecture 15', 'islamic Studeies lecture 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 11 part 3.mp4', 'PDF'),
(16, NULL, 16, 'Islamic Studies lecture 16', 'islamic Studeies lecture 2', 'abc', 'coursePdf/isl lec 12.mp4', 'PDF');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` idioms`
--

CREATE TABLE ` idioms` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `indo-pak history_students`
--

CREATE TABLE `indo-pak history_students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `indo-pak history_students`
--

INSERT INTO `indo-pak history_students` (`indx`, `student_name`, `student_id`, `student_CNIC`, `student_gmail`, `student_phone`) VALUES
(1, 'Ahmad Mujtaba', 's5', '', 'AhmadMujtaba@gmail.com', '090078601');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` indus valley civilization`
--

CREATE TABLE ` indus valley civilization` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` input-output devices`
--

CREATE TABLE ` input-output devices` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `international days`
--

CREATE TABLE `international days` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `islamic studies_students`
--

CREATE TABLE `islamic studies_students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` island longitude`
--

CREATE TABLE ` island longitude` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` kashmir issues`
--

CREATE TABLE ` kashmir issues` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` latitude`
--

CREATE TABLE ` latitude` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `life of holy prophet from birth till demise`
--

CREATE TABLE `life of holy prophet from birth till demise` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` lodhi dynasty`
--

CREATE TABLE ` lodhi dynasty` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `maths_students`
--

CREATE TABLE `maths_students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `maths_students`
--

INSERT INTO `maths_students` (`indx`, `student_name`, `student_id`, `student_CNIC`, `student_gmail`, `student_phone`) VALUES
(1, 'Asad rehman', 's01', '', 'asad@gmail.com', ''),
(2, 'recordedabc', 's5', '', 'recorded@gmail.com', '0345679213');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `mauryan empire`
--

CREATE TABLE `mauryan empire` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `mean median mode average calendar problems`
--

CREATE TABLE `mean median mode average calendar problems` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `mesopotamian civilization`
--

CREATE TABLE `mesopotamian civilization` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `middle east`
--

CREATE TABLE `middle east` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `modem`
--

CREATE TABLE `modem` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `ms office`
--

CREATE TABLE `ms office` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `mughal era`
--

CREATE TABLE `mughal era` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` nobel prize`
--

CREATE TABLE ` nobel prize` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `one-word substitution`
--

CREATE TABLE `one-word substitution` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `ongoing disputes in the world`
--

CREATE TABLE `ongoing disputes in the world` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `operating system`
--

CREATE TABLE `operating system` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `pakistan affairs_students`
--

CREATE TABLE `pakistan affairs_students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` pakistan economy`
--

CREATE TABLE ` pakistan economy` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `pakistan political and economic affairs`
--

CREATE TABLE `pakistan political and economic affairs` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `parent_courses`
--

CREATE TABLE `parent_courses` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `C_Name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Course_Id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Description` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Guide_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Guide_Email` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Guide_Key` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `ImgName` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `course_duration` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `parent_courses`
--

INSERT INTO `parent_courses` (`indx`, `C_Name`, `Course_Id`, `Description`, `Guide_name`, `Guide_Email`, `Guide_Key`, `ImgName`, `course_duration`) VALUES
(57, 'Maths', 'm01', 'Study of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns using logical reasoning.', 'Akhtar Malik', 'akhtar@gmail.com', 'g010', 'images/Math(1).gif', '3 months'),
(58, 'Indo-Pak History', 'in04', 'Study of historical events and developments in the Indian subcontinent and Pakistan.', 'Akhtar Malik', 'akhtar@gmail.com', 'g010', 'images/ind-vs-pakistan.gif', '3 months'),
(59, 'World and Pakistan Geography', 'w03', 'Study encompassing world and Pakistan geography, exploring physical features, environments, and cultural landscapes.', 'Akhtar Malik', 'akhtar@gmail.com', 'g010', 'images/DD6E.gif', '3 months'),
(60, 'Computer ', 'c040', 'Introduction to Computing: Basics, Hardware, Software, Algorithms, Programming, Applications, and Networking.', 'Akhtar Malik', 'akhtar@gmail.com', 'g010', 'images/computer.gif', '3 months'),
(61, 'Pakistan Affairs', 'pf06', 'Study of Pakistan\'s history, politics, culture, society, economy, and international relations.', 'Akhtar Malik', 'akhtar@gmail.com', 'g010', 'images/pakistanaffairs.gif', '3 months'),
(62, 'Islamic Studies', 'is070', '\"Exploring Islamic faith, history, culture, law, and ethics through academic study.\"', 'Akhtar Malik', 'akhtar@gmail.com', 'g010', 'images/Islamic Studies.gif', '3 months'),
(63, 'English', 'e092', 'Developing language proficiency, literacy, and critical thinking skills through English instruction.', 'Akhtar Malik', 'akhtar@gmail.com', 'g010', 'images/english(1).gif', '3 months'),
(64, 'Current Affairs', 'cf001', 'Examining global events, politics, economics, and societal trends for informed discussion and analysis.', 'Akhtar Malik', 'akhtar@gmail.com', 'g010', 'images/Current Affairs.gif', '3 months'),
(65, 'Urdu', 'ur040', 'Studying Urdu language, literature, culture, and communication for comprehensive understanding and fluency.', 'Akhtar Malik', 'akhtar@gmail.com', 'g010', 'images/Urdu.jpg', '3 months'),
(73, 'Biological Science', 'bs043', 'Explore our comprehensive math course featuring essential topics like BODMAS, equations, profit analysis, navigation, and statistical measures for unparalleled learning.', 'Akhtar Malik', 'akhtar@gmail.com', 'g010', 'images/Biological Science.gif', '3 months'),
(74, 'Physical Science', 'ps044', 'Study of historical events and developments in the Indian subcontinent and Pakistan.', 'Akhtar Malik', 'akhtar@gmail.com', 'g010', 'images/Physical Science.gif', '3 months');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `parts of speech`
--

CREATE TABLE `parts of speech` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `physical science_students`
--

CREATE TABLE `physical science_students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `pillars of islam`
--

CREATE TABLE `pillars of islam` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` political and constitutional history of pakistan`
--

CREATE TABLE ` political and constitutional history of pakistan` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `powerpoint`
--

CREATE TABLE `powerpoint` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `pre and post-partition of pakistan`
--

CREATE TABLE `pre and post-partition of pakistan` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` profit and loss questions`
--

CREATE TABLE ` profit and loss questions` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `profit percentage questions`
--

CREATE TABLE `profit percentage questions` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `proverbs`
--

CREATE TABLE `proverbs` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `proverbs idioms`
--

CREATE TABLE `proverbs idioms` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `quiz_list`
--

CREATE TABLE `quiz_list` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `course_Name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `quiz_title` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `total_marks` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `quiz_list`
--

INSERT INTO `quiz_list` (`indx`, `course_Name`, `quiz_title`, `total_marks`) VALUES
(17, 'django', 'test1', '10'),
(18, 'Flask', 'Test12', '10'),
(19, 'Python Basics', 'tersssat', '10'),
(20, 'Html', 'Jhule Test', '10'),
(21, 'speed distance velocity', 'abcd', '10'),
(22, 'BODMAS rule', 'testabc', '10'),
(23, 'arithmetic equations', 'Abc', '10'),
(24, 'directions questions', 'direction equation test 3', '10'),
(25, 'GK One Paper 25', 'Gk one test 1', '10');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `quiz_marks`
--

CREATE TABLE `quiz_marks` (
  `indx` int(244) NOT NULL,
  `quiz_name` varchar(244) NOT NULL,
  `course_name` varchar(244) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(244) NOT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(244) NOT NULL,
  `toatl_marks` int(244) NOT NULL,
  `obtained_marks` int(244) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `quiz_marks`
--

INSERT INTO `quiz_marks` (`indx`, `quiz_name`, `course_name`, `student_name`, `student_id`, `toatl_marks`, `obtained_marks`) VALUES
(8, 'Test12', 'Flask', 'Asad Rehman', 'g04', 10, 10),
(9, 'tersssat', 'Python Basics', 'Asad Rehman', 'g04', 10, 10),
(10, 'tersssat', 'Python Basics', 'Nuni Tuni', 's05', 10, 7),
(11, 'Test12', 'TKinters', 'Nuni Tuni', 's05', 10, 5),
(12, 'tersssat', 'Python Basics', 'Nuni Tuni', 's05', 10, 3),
(13, 'abcd', 'speed distance velocity', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 0),
(14, 'testabc', 'BODMAS rule', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 1),
(15, 'testabc', 'BODMAS rule', 'Asad rehman', 's01', 10, 0),
(16, 'Abc', 'arithmetic equations', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 0),
(17, 'direction equation test 3', 'directions questions', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 5),
(18, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 0),
(19, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 6),
(20, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 0),
(21, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 6),
(22, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 0),
(23, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 0),
(24, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 0),
(25, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 0),
(26, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 0),
(27, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 10, 5),
(28, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'gk150s', 's5', 10, 0),
(29, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'gk150s', 's5', 10, 3),
(30, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'gk150s', 's5', 10, 3),
(31, 'Gk one test 1', 'GK One Paper 25', 'gk150s', 's5', 10, 5);

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `quran and hadith mcqs`
--

CREATE TABLE `quran and hadith mcqs` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `ratio and proportion`
--

CREATE TABLE `ratio and proportion` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `ratio and proportion`
--

INSERT INTO `ratio and proportion` (`indx`, `c_name`, `lecture_no`, `Lecture_topic`, `Lecture_Description`, `lecture_outcomes`, `video_url`, `lesson_pdf`) VALUES
(1, NULL, 1, 'Alpha beta gama', 'Alha Beta', 'abc', 'coursePdf/Sia - Never Give Up.mp4', 'PDF');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `recorded_chatbox`
--

CREATE TABLE `recorded_chatbox` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `Sname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Sid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `MSg` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `recorded_chatbox`
--

INSERT INTO `recorded_chatbox` (`indx`, `Sname`, `Sid`, `MSg`) VALUES
(1, 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 'Hello Dear Students');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `regional and international organizations`
--

CREATE TABLE `regional and international organizations` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `relations of pakistan with different countries`
--

CREATE TABLE `relations of pakistan with different countries` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `roman empire`
--

CREATE TABLE `roman empire` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `sarf and nahw`
--

CREATE TABLE `sarf and nahw` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `session_chatbox`
--

CREATE TABLE `session_chatbox` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `Sname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Sid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `MSg` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `session_chatbox`
--

INSERT INTO `session_chatbox` (`indx`, `Sname`, `Sid`, `MSg`) VALUES
(1, 'Akhtar Malik', 'g010', 'Heloo');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `session_list`
--

CREATE TABLE `session_list` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `session_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `starting Date` date NOT NULL,
  `expiry_date` date NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `session_list`
--

INSERT INTO `session_list` (`indx`, `session_name`, `starting Date`, `expiry_date`) VALUES
(1, 'session 12', '2023-06-15', '2024-06-14'),
(2, 'session 2', '2024-06-05', '2025-06-11'),
(3, 'session 3', '2021-06-02', '2026-06-12'),
(4, 'session june 2024', '2024-06-01', '2024-06-13'),
(5, 'session jan', '2024-06-19', '2024-06-18');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` singular plural`
--

CREATE TABLE ` singular plural` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table ` singular plural`
--

INSERT INTO ` singular plural` (`indx`, `c_name`, `lecture_no`, `Lecture_topic`, `Lecture_Description`, `lecture_outcomes`, `video_url`, `lesson_pdf`) VALUES
(1, NULL, 1, 'efggggg', 'efggggg', 'abc', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/qZFJYJOf-Q0?si=rDFJ4VTLplfmFff5', 'PDF');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` sir syed and his services`
--

CREATE TABLE ` sir syed and his services` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `slave dynasty`
--

CREATE TABLE `slave dynasty` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` social issues`
--

CREATE TABLE ` social issues` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `social issues of pakistan`
--

CREATE TABLE `social issues of pakistan` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `speed distance velocity`
--

CREATE TABLE `speed distance velocity` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `speed distance velocity`
--

INSERT INTO `speed distance velocity` (`indx`, `c_name`, `lecture_no`, `Lecture_topic`, `Lecture_Description`, `lecture_outcomes`, `video_url`, `lesson_pdf`) VALUES
(1, NULL, 1, 'Alpha beta gama', 'Alha Beta', 'Alha Beta', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/H-qbaYYsh1g?si=u6OgUI0iSDsKS0sA', 'coursePdf/CV draft.docx');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `speed distance velocity_abcd`
--

CREATE TABLE `speed distance velocity_abcd` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `Question` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_A` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_B` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_C` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Option_D` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Correct_Answer` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `speed distance velocity_abcd`
--

INSERT INTO `speed distance velocity_abcd` (`indx`, `Question`, `Option_A`, `Option_B`, `Option_C`, `Option_D`, `Correct_Answer`) VALUES
(1, 'abced', 'aa', 'bb', 'cc', 'dd', 'dd'),
(2, 'abced', 'bb', 'cc', 'dd', 'ee', 'ff'),
(3, 'abced', 'ee', 'ee', 'ee', 'hh', 'hh'),
(4, 'abced', 'ee', 'ee', 'ee', 'hh', 'hh'),
(5, 'abced', 'ee', 'ee', 'ee', 'hh', 'hh'),
(6, 'abced', 'ee', 'ee', 'ee', 'hh', 'hh'),
(7, 'abced', 'ee', 'ee', 'ee', 'hh', 'hh'),
(8, 'abced', 'ee', 'ee', 'ee', 'hh', 'hh'),
(9, 'abced', 'ee', 'ee', 'ee', 'hh', 'hh'),
(10, 'abced', 'ee', 'ee', 'ee', 'hh', 'hh');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `sports etc.`
--

CREATE TABLE `sports etc.` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `studentkeys`
--

CREATE TABLE `studentkeys` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `keyNo` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `studentkeys`
--

INSERT INTO `studentkeys` (`indx`, `keyNo`) VALUES
(1, 's1'),
(2, 's1'),
(3, 's2'),
(4, 's2'),
(5, 's3'),
(6, 's4'),
(7, 's5'),
(8, 's6'),
(9, 's7'),
(10, 's89'),
(11, 's33'),
(12, 'g56'),
(13, ''),
(14, '2025-09-17');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `students_webinar`
--

CREATE TABLE `students_webinar` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `EventNAme` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Topic` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Time` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Hosted_By` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `students_webinar`
--

INSERT INTO `students_webinar` (`indx`, `EventNAme`, `Topic`, `Time`, `Hosted_By`) VALUES
(1, 'Maths', ' BODMAS rule', 'SAT - 04 - 2024', 'Akhtar Malik'),
(2, 'Indo-Pak History', 'All civilizations', 'SAT - 04 - 2024', 'Akhtar Malik'),
(3, 'World and Pakistan Geography', 'Latitude', 'SAT - 04 - 2024', 'Akhtar Malik');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `sub_courses`
--

CREATE TABLE `sub_courses` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `C_Name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Parnt_C_Name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Description` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `ImgName` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `sub_courses`
--

INSERT INTO `sub_courses` (`indx`, `C_Name`, `Parnt_C_Name`, `Description`, `ImgName`) VALUES
(129, 'BODMAS rule', 'Maths', 'Mathematical order of operations: Brackets, Orders (powers and roots), Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction.', 'images/math1.jpg'),
(130, 'BINOMIAL and polynomial equations', 'Maths', 'Equations with two or more terms, including squared terms, and their solutions.', 'images/math2.jpg'),
(131, 'arithmetic equations', 'Maths', 'Basic mathematical expressions involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations.', 'images/math3.jpg'),
(132, ' profit and loss questions', 'Maths', 'Questions concerning profit and loss calculations in business transactions.', 'images/math4.jpg'),
(133, 'directions questions', 'Maths', 'Navigation-based queries involving compass points or cardinal directions for spatial orientation.', 'images/math5.jpg'),
(134, 'speed distance velocity', 'Maths', 'Measurement of motion, including speed, distance traveled, and direction at velocity.', 'images/math6.jpg'),
(135, 'ratio and proportion', 'Maths', 'Comparison of quantities expressed as fractions or equivalent ratios in mathematical contexts.', 'images/math7.jpg'),
(136, 'profit percentage questions', 'Maths', 'Calculations involving determining the percentage of profit relative to total investment or revenue.', 'images/math8.jpg'),
(137, 'mean median mode average calendar problems', 'Maths', 'Statistical measures and time-related calculations in calendar-related mathematical problems.', 'images/math9.jpg'),
(138, 'age problems', 'Maths', 'Age problems involve solving mathematical equations to determine the ages of individuals based on given conditions and relationships, commonly found in algebraic problem-solving and real-life scenarios.', 'images/math10.jpg'),
(139, 'All civilizations', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Exploration of ancient, medieval, and modern societies worldwide, including cultural, political, and economic aspects.', 'images/indopak1.jpg'),
(140, 'Sumerian civilization', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Ancient Mesopotamian civilization known for cuneiform writing, city-states, and irrigation innovations.', 'images/indopak2.jpg'),
(141, ' Indus Valley civilization', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Ancient civilization in South Asia known for urban planning and seals.', 'images/indopak3.jpg'),
(142, 'Mesopotamian civilization', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Ancient civilization between Tigris and Euphrates known for innovations.', 'images/indo-pak4.jpg'),
(143, 'Chanakya empire', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Strategic Indian empire known for political and economic expertise.', 'images/indopak5.jpg'),
(144, 'Roman empire', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Ancient Mediterranean empire known for vast territorial expansion and enduring cultural influence.', 'images/indopak6.jpg'),
(145, 'Mauryan empire', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Ancient Indian empire under Chandragupta Maurya, known for political and economic achievements.', 'images/indopak7.jpg'),
(146, 'Arrival of Islam in subcontinent', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Islamic expansion into South Asia, shaping its religious and cultural landscape.', 'images/indopak8.jpg'),
(147, ' Ghaznavid dynasty', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Medieval Persianate dynasty known for cultural patronage and military conquests.', 'images/indopak9.jpg'),
(148, 'Ghurid dynasty', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Medieval Persianate dynasty known for military conquests and cultural advancements in India.', 'images/indopak10.jpg'),
(149, 'Slave dynasty', 'Indo-Pak History', '\"Medieval Islamic dynasty in India, known for architectural landmarks like Qutb Minar.\"', 'images/indopak11.jpg'),
(150, 'Tughlaq dynasty', 'Indo-Pak History', 'The Tughlaq dynasty, 1320-1414, known for administrative reforms and territorial expansion.', 'images/indopak12.jpg'),
(151, ' Lodhi dynasty', 'Indo-Pak History', 'The Lodhi dynasty ruled Delhi Sultanate, 1451-1526, preceding the Mughal Empire\'s establishment.', 'images/indopak13.jpg'),
(152, 'Mughal era', 'Indo-Pak History', 'The Mughal era in India, 1526-1857, marked by cultural flourishing and imperial expansion.', 'images/indopak14.jpg'),
(153, 'All reformers', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Various reformers across history advocating change in social, political, or religious spheres globally.', 'images/indopak15.jpg'),
(154, 'All wars', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Assorted wars throughout history, spanning regions and motives, shaping global dynamics and cultures.', 'images/indopak17.jpg'),
(155, 'All wars', 'Indo-Pak History', 'Assorted wars throughout history, spanning regions and motives, shaping global dynamics and cultures.', 'images/All wars.jpg'),
(156, 'World geography', 'World and Pakistan Geography', 'Study of Earth\'s surface, climates, environments, and human interactions across global regions.', 'images/World geography.png'),
(157, 'Basics of geography of the whole world', 'World and Pakistan Geography', 'Study of Earth\'s surface, climates, environments, and human interactions across global regions.', 'images/Basicsgeographyworld.jpg'),
(158, ' Island longitude', 'World and Pakistan Geography', 'Longitude measures distance east or west from the Prime Meridian.', 'images/Island longitude.jpg'),
(159, ' Latitude', 'World and Pakistan Geography', 'Latitude measures distance north or south from the Equator on Earth\'s surface.', 'images/Latitude.png'),
(160, 'Abbreviation of computer', 'Computer ', '\"Cognitive Operations Mechanizing Procedures, Utilizing Technology, Enhancing Results.\"', 'images/comp1.jpg'),
(161, 'Types of memory', 'Computer ', '\"Study of RAM, ROM, cache, storage, virtual, and their applications in computing.\"', 'images/comp2.jpg'),
(162, 'Basic unit of data storage', 'Computer ', '\"Study of RAM, ROM, cache, storage, virtual, and their applications in computing.\"', 'images/comp3.jpg'),
(163, 'Generation', 'Computer ', 'word description: Explore the evolution and advancements in computing technology across generations.', 'images/comp4.jpg'),
(164, 'Operating system', 'Computer ', 'word description: Learn the fundamental concepts and functionalities of operating systems in modern computing.', 'images/comp5.jpg'),
(165, 'Windows', 'Computer ', 'Explore the features and functionalities of the Windows operating system for personal computing.', 'images/comp6.jpg'),
(166, ' Input-output devices', 'Computer ', 'word description: Explore hardware components enabling interaction between users and computers for data exchange.', 'images/comp7.jpg'),
(167, 'Types of computer system', 'Computer ', 'Explore diverse computer architectures, including mainframes, supercomputers, servers, desktops, laptops, and embedded systems.', 'images/comp8.jpg'),
(168, 'Modem', 'Computer ', 'Study the functionality, types, and applications of modems, critical devices for converting digital signals into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines, cable systems, or wireless networks.', 'images/comp9.jpg'),
(169, 'MS Office', 'Computer ', 'Master Microsoft Office suite for productivity, including Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook.', 'images/comp9.jpg'),
(170, ' Word', 'Computer ', 'Learn Microsoft Word for document creation, formatting, editing, and collaboration.', 'images/comp11.jpg'),
(171, ' Excel', 'Computer ', ' Excel', 'images/comp11.jpg'),
(172, 'PowerPoint', 'Computer ', 'Master Microsoft PowerPoint for creating dynamic presentations with multimedia elements and visual storytelling.', 'images/wop13.jpg'),
(173, 'PowerPoint', 'Computer ', 'Master Microsoft PowerPoint for creating dynamic presentations with multimedia elements and visual storytelling.', 'images/wop13.jpg'),
(174, 'Pre and post-partition of Pakistan', 'Pakistan Affairs', 'Explore the historical events leading to the partition of India and the subsequent formation of Pakistan.', 'images/pf1.jpg'),
(175, ' Political and constitutional history of Pakistan', 'Pakistan Affairs', 'Explore the evolution of political systems and constitutional frameworks shaping Pakistan\'s governance.', 'images/pf2.jpg'),
(176, ' Sir Syed and his services', 'Pakistan Affairs', 'Explore the life, ideas, and contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to education and society.', 'images/pf3.jpg'),
(177, 'Pakistan political and economic affairs', 'Pakistan Affairs', 'Explore the life, ideas, and contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to education and society.', 'images/pf4.jpg'),
(178, ' Social issues', 'Pakistan Affairs', 'Explore contemporary societal challenges impacting communities globally, including poverty, inequality, discrimination, and environmental degradation.', 'images/pf5.jpg'),
(179, ' Geography', 'Pakistan Affairs', 'Study Earth\'s physical features, climate, ecosystems, and human-environment interactions through spatial analysis.', 'images/pf6.jpg'),
(180, 'International days', 'Pakistan Affairs', 'Explore global observances promoting awareness and action on various social, cultural, and environmental issues.', 'images/pf7.jpg'),
(181, 'Forms of government etc..', 'Pakistan Affairs', 'Study diverse systems of governance, including democracy, monarchy, dictatorship, and hybrid regimes.', 'images/pf8.jpg'),
(182, ' Holy Prophet mentioned in Quran', 'Islamic Studies', 'Explore Quranic verses elucidating the life, mission, and teachings of the Holy Prophet.', 'images/islm1.jpg'),
(183, 'Life of Holy Prophet from birth till demise', 'Islamic Studies', 'Comprehensive study of the life, teachings, and legacy of the Holy Prophet Muhammad.', 'images/islm2.jpg'),
(184, ' Ummahat ul Momineen', 'Islamic Studies', 'Study the esteemed wives of the Prophet Muhammad and their contributions to Islam.', 'images/islm3.jpg'),
(185, 'Hijri and Nabvi events', 'Islamic Studies', 'Explore significant events from the life of Prophet Muhammad in the Islamic calendar.', 'images/islm4.jpg'),
(186, 'All Ghazwat', 'Islamic Studies', 'Study the military expeditions led by Prophet Muhammad for the propagation of Islam.', 'images/islm5.jpg'),
(187, 'Companion of Holy Prophet', 'Islamic Studies', ' Explore the lives, contributions, and virtues of the esteemed companions of Prophet Muhammad.', 'images/islm6.jpg'),
(188, 'Umayyad dynasty', 'Islamic Studies', 'Study the rise, rule, and legacy of the Umayyad Caliphate in Islamic history.', 'images/islm7.jpg'),
(189, ' Abbasid dynasty', 'Islamic Studies', ' Explore the rise, governance, cultural flourishing, and decline of the Abbasid Caliphate.', 'images/islm8.jpg'),
(190, 'Quran and Hadith MCQs', 'Islamic Studies', 'Test your knowledge of Quranic verses and Hadith with multiple-choice questions.', 'images/islm9.jpg'),
(191, 'Pillars of Islam', 'Islamic Studies', ' Explore the foundational principles of Islam through an in-depth examination of its five pillars: Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj, essential for fostering a devout and righteous life.', 'images/islm10.jpg'),
(192, 'English grammar', 'English', 'Master the rules and structures governing the English language for effective communication.', 'images/eng1.jpg'),
(193, 'Parts of speech', 'English', ' Study the building blocks of language, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, and interjections.', 'images/eng2.jpg'),
(194, 'Antonyms & synonyms', 'English', 'Explore word relationships through opposites and similarities, enriching vocabulary and communication skills.', 'images/eng3.jpg'),
(195, 'One-word substitution', 'English', 'Explore word relationships through opposites and similarities, enriching vocabulary and communication skills.', 'images/eng4.jpg'),
(196, 'Tenses', 'English', 'Master verb forms indicating time in English for accurate expression and communication.', 'images/eng5.jpg'),
(197, 'Proverbs', 'English', ' Explore timeless sayings offering wisdom, insight, and cultural perspectives across languages and cultures.', 'images/eng6.jpg'),
(198, ' Idioms', 'English', 'Dive into colorful expressions enriching language with figurative meanings and cultural nuances.', 'images/eng7.jpg'),
(199, 'Regional and international organizations', 'Current Affairs', 'Study institutions fostering cooperation and addressing global challenges, shaping political, economic, and social landscapes', 'images/cf1.png'),
(200, 'Relations of Pakistan with different countries', 'Current Affairs', 'Explore Pakistan\'s diplomatic ties, partnerships, and engagements with diverse nations globally.', 'images/cf2.jpg'),
(201, 'Famous books', 'Current Affairs', 'Explore influential literary works spanning genres, cultures, and historical periods, shaping human thought.', 'images/cf3.jpg'),
(202, 'Famous personalities', 'Current Affairs', 'Study influential individuals across history, disciplines, and cultures, shaping societies and leaving lasting legacies.', 'images/cf4.jpg'),
(203, 'CPEC', 'Current Affairs', 'Explore the transformative impact of CPEC on regional connectivity, economic development, and geopolitical dynamics.', 'images/cf5.jpg'),
(204, ' Nobel Prize', 'Current Affairs', 'Explore the history, significance, and impact of the prestigious Nobel Prizes in various fields.', 'images/cf6.jpg'),
(205, ' Pakistan economy', 'Current Affairs', ' Examine the economic structure, policies, challenges, and opportunities shaping Pakistan\'s development trajectory.', 'images/cf7.jpg'),
(206, 'Social issues of Pakistan', 'Current Affairs', 'Explore challenges such as poverty, inequality, education, gender disparity, health, and cultural norms.', 'images/cf8.jpg'),
(207, ' Kashmir issues', 'Current Affairs', 'word description: Examine the historical, political, and humanitarian dimensions of the Kashmir conflict and its implications.', 'images/cf9.jpg'),
(208, 'Ongoing disputes in the world', 'Current Affairs', 'word description: Examine the historical, political, and humanitarian dimensions of the Kashmir conflict and its implications.', 'images/cf10.jpg'),
(209, 'Middle East', 'Current Affairs', 'word description: Examine the historical, political, and humanitarian dimensions of the Kashmir conflict and its implications.', 'images/cf11.jpg'),
(210, 'International days', 'Current Affairs', 'Explore global observances promoting awareness and action on various social, cultural, and environmental issues.', 'images/cf12.jpg'),
(211, 'Sports etc.', 'Current Affairs', 'Explore diverse sports, recreational activities, and their significance for health, leisure, and community engagement.', 'images/cf13(1).jpg'),
(212, 'Authors of Urdu', 'Urdu', 'Explo', 'images/ur2.jpg'),
(213, 'Grammar part of Urdu', 'Urdu', 'Master the rules and structures governing Urdu language for effective communication and writing.', 'images/ur3.jpg'),
(214, 'Sarf and Nahw', 'Urdu', 'Explore Arabic grammar focusing on word morphology (Sarf) and syntax (Nahw) for language mastery.', 'images/ur4.jpg'),
(215, 'Correction of sentences', 'Urdu', 'Enhance Urdu language proficiency by identifying and rectifying grammatical errors in sentences.', 'images/ur5.jpg'),
(216, 'Proverbs idioms', 'Urdu', 'Explore the richness of language through idiomatic expressions and timeless proverbs.', 'images/ur6.jpg'),
(217, ' Singular plural', 'Urdu', 'Master the rules and patterns for forming singular and plural nouns in language.', 'images/ur7.jpg'),
(218, ' Antonyms synonyms', 'Urdu', 'Explore word relationships through opposites and similarities, enriching vocabulary and communication skills.', 'images/ur8.jpg'),
(225, ' univerrse and all theories about its origion', 'Physical Science', 'Understand human behavior, cognition, and emotions with insights into psychological theories and research.', 'images/bs5.jpg');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `sumerian civilization`
--

CREATE TABLE `sumerian civilization` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `tenses`
--

CREATE TABLE `tenses` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `tughlaq dynasty`
--

CREATE TABLE `tughlaq dynasty` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `types of computer system`
--

CREATE TABLE `types of computer system` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `types of memory`
--

CREATE TABLE `types of memory` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `umayyad dynasty`
--

CREATE TABLE `umayyad dynasty` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` ummahat ul momineen`
--

CREATE TABLE ` ummahat ul momineen` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` univerrse and all theories about its origion`
--

CREATE TABLE ` univerrse and all theories about its origion` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `upcoming_courses`
--

CREATE TABLE `upcoming_courses` (
  `indx` int(255) NOT NULL,
  `Course_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Duration` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `launch_Date` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `Hosted_By` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `upcoming_courses`
--

INSERT INTO `upcoming_courses` (`indx`, `Course_name`, `Duration`, `launch_Date`, `Hosted_By`) VALUES
(1, 'Session June', '3 months Duration ', 'will publish 30-JUN', 'Akhtar Malik'),
(2, 'Session August', '3 months Duration', 'will publish 30-August', 'Akhtar Malik'),
(3, 'Session November', '3 months Duration', 'will publish 30-November', 'Akhtar Malik');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `urdu_students`
--

CREATE TABLE `urdu_students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `windows`
--

CREATE TABLE `windows` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table ` word`
--

CREATE TABLE ` word` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `world and pakistan geography_students`
--

CREATE TABLE `world and pakistan geography_students` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_CNIC` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_gmail` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `student_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `world geography`
--

CREATE TABLE `world geography` (
  `indx` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_no` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_topic` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Lecture_Description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lecture_outcomes` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `video_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lesson_pdf` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

--
-- Indexes for dumped tables
--

--
-- Indexes for table ` abbasid dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE ` abbasid dynasty`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `abbreviation of computer`
--
ALTER TABLE `abbreviation of computer`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `abcd`
--
ALTER TABLE `abcd`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `age problems`
--
ALTER TABLE `age problems`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `all civilizations`
--
ALTER TABLE `all civilizations`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `all ghazwat`
--
ALTER TABLE `all ghazwat`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `all reformers`
--
ALTER TABLE `all reformers`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `all wars`
--
ALTER TABLE `all wars`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `antonyms & synonyms`
--
ALTER TABLE `antonyms & synonyms`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` antonyms synonyms`
--
ALTER TABLE ` antonyms synonyms`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `arithmetic equations`
--
ALTER TABLE `arithmetic equations`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `arithmetic equations_abc`
--
ALTER TABLE `arithmetic equations_abc`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `arrival of islam in subcontinent`
--
ALTER TABLE `arrival of islam in subcontinent`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `authors of urdu`
--
ALTER TABLE `authors of urdu`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `basics of geography of the whole world`
--
ALTER TABLE `basics of geography of the whole world`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `basic unit of data storage`
--
ALTER TABLE `basic unit of data storage`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `binomial and polynomial equations`
--
ALTER TABLE `binomial and polynomial equations`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `biological science_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `biological science_students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `blog_comments`
--
ALTER TABLE `blog_comments`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `blog_content`
--
ALTER TABLE `blog_content`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `bodmas rule`
--
ALTER TABLE `bodmas rule`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `bodmas rule_testabc`
--
ALTER TABLE `bodmas rule_testabc`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `chanakya empire`
--
ALTER TABLE `chanakya empire`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `chemical science_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `chemical science_students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `companion of holy prophet`
--
ALTER TABLE `companion of holy prophet`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `complain_box`
--
ALTER TABLE `complain_box`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `computer _students`
--
ALTER TABLE `computer _students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `correction of sentences`
--
ALTER TABLE `correction of sentences`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `course_descriptions`
--
ALTER TABLE `course_descriptions`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `cpec`
--
ALTER TABLE `cpec`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `current affairs_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `current affairs_students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `current_session`
--
ALTER TABLE `current_session`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `directions questions`
--
ALTER TABLE `directions questions`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `directions questions_direction equation test 3`
--
ALTER TABLE `directions questions_direction equation test 3`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `english grammar`
--
ALTER TABLE `english grammar`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `english_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `english_students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` excel`
--
ALTER TABLE ` excel`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `faculty_webinar`
--
ALTER TABLE `faculty_webinar`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `famous books`
--
ALTER TABLE `famous books`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `famous personalities`
--
ALTER TABLE `famous personalities`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `forms of government etc..`
--
ALTER TABLE `forms of government etc..`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `generation`
--
ALTER TABLE `generation`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` geography`
--
ALTER TABLE ` geography`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` ghaznavid dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE ` ghaznavid dynasty`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `ghurid dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE `ghurid dynasty`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `gk one paper 25_gk one test 1`
--
ALTER TABLE `gk one paper 25_gk one test 1`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `grammar part of urdu`
--
ALTER TABLE `grammar part of urdu`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `hijri and nabvi events`
--
ALTER TABLE `hijri and nabvi events`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` holy prophet mentioned in quran`
--
ALTER TABLE ` holy prophet mentioned in quran`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` idioms`
--
ALTER TABLE ` idioms`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `indo-pak history_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `indo-pak history_students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` indus valley civilization`
--
ALTER TABLE ` indus valley civilization`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` input-output devices`
--
ALTER TABLE ` input-output devices`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `international days`
--
ALTER TABLE `international days`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `islamic studies_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `islamic studies_students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` island longitude`
--
ALTER TABLE ` island longitude`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` kashmir issues`
--
ALTER TABLE ` kashmir issues`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` latitude`
--
ALTER TABLE ` latitude`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `life of holy prophet from birth till demise`
--
ALTER TABLE `life of holy prophet from birth till demise`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` lodhi dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE ` lodhi dynasty`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `maths_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `maths_students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `mauryan empire`
--
ALTER TABLE `mauryan empire`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `mean median mode average calendar problems`
--
ALTER TABLE `mean median mode average calendar problems`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `mesopotamian civilization`
--
ALTER TABLE `mesopotamian civilization`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `middle east`
--
ALTER TABLE `middle east`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `modem`
--
ALTER TABLE `modem`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `ms office`
--
ALTER TABLE `ms office`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `mughal era`
--
ALTER TABLE `mughal era`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` nobel prize`
--
ALTER TABLE ` nobel prize`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `one-word substitution`
--
ALTER TABLE `one-word substitution`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `ongoing disputes in the world`
--
ALTER TABLE `ongoing disputes in the world`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `operating system`
--
ALTER TABLE `operating system`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `pakistan affairs_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `pakistan affairs_students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` pakistan economy`
--
ALTER TABLE ` pakistan economy`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `pakistan political and economic affairs`
--
ALTER TABLE `pakistan political and economic affairs`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `parent_courses`
--
ALTER TABLE `parent_courses`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `parts of speech`
--
ALTER TABLE `parts of speech`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `physical science_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `physical science_students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `pillars of islam`
--
ALTER TABLE `pillars of islam`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` political and constitutional history of pakistan`
--
ALTER TABLE ` political and constitutional history of pakistan`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `powerpoint`
--
ALTER TABLE `powerpoint`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `pre and post-partition of pakistan`
--
ALTER TABLE `pre and post-partition of pakistan`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` profit and loss questions`
--
ALTER TABLE ` profit and loss questions`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `profit percentage questions`
--
ALTER TABLE `profit percentage questions`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `proverbs`
--
ALTER TABLE `proverbs`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `proverbs idioms`
--
ALTER TABLE `proverbs idioms`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `quiz_list`
--
ALTER TABLE `quiz_list`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `quiz_marks`
--
ALTER TABLE `quiz_marks`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `quran and hadith mcqs`
--
ALTER TABLE `quran and hadith mcqs`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `ratio and proportion`
--
ALTER TABLE `ratio and proportion`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `recorded_chatbox`
--
ALTER TABLE `recorded_chatbox`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `regional and international organizations`
--
ALTER TABLE `regional and international organizations`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `relations of pakistan with different countries`
--
ALTER TABLE `relations of pakistan with different countries`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `roman empire`
--
ALTER TABLE `roman empire`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `sarf and nahw`
--
ALTER TABLE `sarf and nahw`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `session_chatbox`
--
ALTER TABLE `session_chatbox`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `session_list`
--
ALTER TABLE `session_list`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` singular plural`
--
ALTER TABLE ` singular plural`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` sir syed and his services`
--
ALTER TABLE ` sir syed and his services`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `slave dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE `slave dynasty`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` social issues`
--
ALTER TABLE ` social issues`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `social issues of pakistan`
--
ALTER TABLE `social issues of pakistan`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `speed distance velocity`
--
ALTER TABLE `speed distance velocity`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `speed distance velocity_abcd`
--
ALTER TABLE `speed distance velocity_abcd`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `sports etc.`
--
ALTER TABLE `sports etc.`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `studentkeys`
--
ALTER TABLE `studentkeys`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `students_webinar`
--
ALTER TABLE `students_webinar`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `sub_courses`
--
ALTER TABLE `sub_courses`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `sumerian civilization`
--
ALTER TABLE `sumerian civilization`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `tenses`
--
ALTER TABLE `tenses`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `tughlaq dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE `tughlaq dynasty`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `types of computer system`
--
ALTER TABLE `types of computer system`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `types of memory`
--
ALTER TABLE `types of memory`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `umayyad dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE `umayyad dynasty`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` ummahat ul momineen`
--
ALTER TABLE ` ummahat ul momineen`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` univerrse and all theories about its origion`
--
ALTER TABLE ` univerrse and all theories about its origion`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `upcoming_courses`
--
ALTER TABLE `upcoming_courses`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `urdu_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `urdu_students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `windows`
--
ALTER TABLE `windows`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table ` word`
--
ALTER TABLE ` word`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `world and pakistan geography_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `world and pakistan geography_students`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- Indexes for table `world geography`
--
ALTER TABLE `world geography`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`indx`);

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for dumped tables
--

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` abbasid dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE ` abbasid dynasty`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `abbreviation of computer`
--
ALTER TABLE `abbreviation of computer`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=6;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `abcd`
--
ALTER TABLE `abcd`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `age problems`
--
ALTER TABLE `age problems`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `all civilizations`
--
ALTER TABLE `all civilizations`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=12;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `all ghazwat`
--
ALTER TABLE `all ghazwat`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `all reformers`
--
ALTER TABLE `all reformers`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `all wars`
--
ALTER TABLE `all wars`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `antonyms & synonyms`
--
ALTER TABLE `antonyms & synonyms`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` antonyms synonyms`
--
ALTER TABLE ` antonyms synonyms`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `arithmetic equations`
--
ALTER TABLE `arithmetic equations`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `arithmetic equations_abc`
--
ALTER TABLE `arithmetic equations_abc`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=11;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `arrival of islam in subcontinent`
--
ALTER TABLE `arrival of islam in subcontinent`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `authors of urdu`
--
ALTER TABLE `authors of urdu`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=5;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `basics of geography of the whole world`
--
ALTER TABLE `basics of geography of the whole world`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `basic unit of data storage`
--
ALTER TABLE `basic unit of data storage`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `binomial and polynomial equations`
--
ALTER TABLE `binomial and polynomial equations`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=2;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `biological science_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `biological science_students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `blog_comments`
--
ALTER TABLE `blog_comments`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=5;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `blog_content`
--
ALTER TABLE `blog_content`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=28;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `bodmas rule`
--
ALTER TABLE `bodmas rule`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=11;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `bodmas rule_testabc`
--
ALTER TABLE `bodmas rule_testabc`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=11;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `chanakya empire`
--
ALTER TABLE `chanakya empire`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `chemical science_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `chemical science_students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `companion of holy prophet`
--
ALTER TABLE `companion of holy prophet`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `complain_box`
--
ALTER TABLE `complain_box`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=9;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `computer _students`
--
ALTER TABLE `computer _students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `correction of sentences`
--
ALTER TABLE `correction of sentences`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `course_descriptions`
--
ALTER TABLE `course_descriptions`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=260;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `cpec`
--
ALTER TABLE `cpec`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `current affairs_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `current affairs_students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `current_session`
--
ALTER TABLE `current_session`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=3;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `directions questions`
--
ALTER TABLE `directions questions`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `directions questions_direction equation test 3`
--
ALTER TABLE `directions questions_direction equation test 3`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=11;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `english grammar`
--
ALTER TABLE `english grammar`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `english_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `english_students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` excel`
--
ALTER TABLE ` excel`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `faculty_webinar`
--
ALTER TABLE `faculty_webinar`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=4;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `famous books`
--
ALTER TABLE `famous books`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `famous personalities`
--
ALTER TABLE `famous personalities`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `forms of government etc..`
--
ALTER TABLE `forms of government etc..`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `generation`
--
ALTER TABLE `generation`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` geography`
--
ALTER TABLE ` geography`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` ghaznavid dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE ` ghaznavid dynasty`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `ghurid dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE `ghurid dynasty`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `gk one paper 25_gk one test 1`
--
ALTER TABLE `gk one paper 25_gk one test 1`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=11;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `grammar part of urdu`
--
ALTER TABLE `grammar part of urdu`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `hijri and nabvi events`
--
ALTER TABLE `hijri and nabvi events`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` holy prophet mentioned in quran`
--
ALTER TABLE ` holy prophet mentioned in quran`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=17;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` idioms`
--
ALTER TABLE ` idioms`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `indo-pak history_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `indo-pak history_students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=2;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` indus valley civilization`
--
ALTER TABLE ` indus valley civilization`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` input-output devices`
--
ALTER TABLE ` input-output devices`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `international days`
--
ALTER TABLE `international days`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `islamic studies_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `islamic studies_students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` island longitude`
--
ALTER TABLE ` island longitude`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` kashmir issues`
--
ALTER TABLE ` kashmir issues`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` latitude`
--
ALTER TABLE ` latitude`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `life of holy prophet from birth till demise`
--
ALTER TABLE `life of holy prophet from birth till demise`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` lodhi dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE ` lodhi dynasty`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `maths_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `maths_students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=3;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `mauryan empire`
--
ALTER TABLE `mauryan empire`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `mean median mode average calendar problems`
--
ALTER TABLE `mean median mode average calendar problems`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `mesopotamian civilization`
--
ALTER TABLE `mesopotamian civilization`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `middle east`
--
ALTER TABLE `middle east`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `modem`
--
ALTER TABLE `modem`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `ms office`
--
ALTER TABLE `ms office`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `mughal era`
--
ALTER TABLE `mughal era`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` nobel prize`
--
ALTER TABLE ` nobel prize`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `one-word substitution`
--
ALTER TABLE `one-word substitution`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `ongoing disputes in the world`
--
ALTER TABLE `ongoing disputes in the world`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `operating system`
--
ALTER TABLE `operating system`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `pakistan affairs_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `pakistan affairs_students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` pakistan economy`
--
ALTER TABLE ` pakistan economy`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `pakistan political and economic affairs`
--
ALTER TABLE `pakistan political and economic affairs`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `parent_courses`
--
ALTER TABLE `parent_courses`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=76;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `parts of speech`
--
ALTER TABLE `parts of speech`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `physical science_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `physical science_students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `pillars of islam`
--
ALTER TABLE `pillars of islam`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` political and constitutional history of pakistan`
--
ALTER TABLE ` political and constitutional history of pakistan`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `powerpoint`
--
ALTER TABLE `powerpoint`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `pre and post-partition of pakistan`
--
ALTER TABLE `pre and post-partition of pakistan`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` profit and loss questions`
--
ALTER TABLE ` profit and loss questions`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=2;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `profit percentage questions`
--
ALTER TABLE `profit percentage questions`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `proverbs`
--
ALTER TABLE `proverbs`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `proverbs idioms`
--
ALTER TABLE `proverbs idioms`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `quiz_list`
--
ALTER TABLE `quiz_list`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=26;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `quiz_marks`
--
ALTER TABLE `quiz_marks`
  MODIFY `indx` int(244) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=32;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `quran and hadith mcqs`
--
ALTER TABLE `quran and hadith mcqs`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `ratio and proportion`
--
ALTER TABLE `ratio and proportion`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=2;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `recorded_chatbox`
--
ALTER TABLE `recorded_chatbox`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=2;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `regional and international organizations`
--
ALTER TABLE `regional and international organizations`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `relations of pakistan with different countries`
--
ALTER TABLE `relations of pakistan with different countries`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `roman empire`
--
ALTER TABLE `roman empire`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `sarf and nahw`
--
ALTER TABLE `sarf and nahw`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `session_chatbox`
--
ALTER TABLE `session_chatbox`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=2;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `session_list`
--
ALTER TABLE `session_list`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=6;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` singular plural`
--
ALTER TABLE ` singular plural`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=2;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` sir syed and his services`
--
ALTER TABLE ` sir syed and his services`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `slave dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE `slave dynasty`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` social issues`
--
ALTER TABLE ` social issues`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `social issues of pakistan`
--
ALTER TABLE `social issues of pakistan`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `speed distance velocity`
--
ALTER TABLE `speed distance velocity`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=2;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `speed distance velocity_abcd`
--
ALTER TABLE `speed distance velocity_abcd`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=11;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `sports etc.`
--
ALTER TABLE `sports etc.`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `studentkeys`
--
ALTER TABLE `studentkeys`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=15;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `students_webinar`
--
ALTER TABLE `students_webinar`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=4;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `sub_courses`
--
ALTER TABLE `sub_courses`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=226;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `sumerian civilization`
--
ALTER TABLE `sumerian civilization`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `tenses`
--
ALTER TABLE `tenses`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `tughlaq dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE `tughlaq dynasty`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `types of computer system`
--
ALTER TABLE `types of computer system`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `types of memory`
--
ALTER TABLE `types of memory`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `umayyad dynasty`
--
ALTER TABLE `umayyad dynasty`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` ummahat ul momineen`
--
ALTER TABLE ` ummahat ul momineen`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` univerrse and all theories about its origion`
--
ALTER TABLE ` univerrse and all theories about its origion`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `upcoming_courses`
--
ALTER TABLE `upcoming_courses`
  MODIFY `indx` int(255) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, AUTO_INCREMENT=4;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `urdu_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `urdu_students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `windows`
--
ALTER TABLE `windows`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table ` word`
--
ALTER TABLE ` word`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `world and pakistan geography_students`
--
ALTER TABLE `world and pakistan geography_students`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;

--
-- AUTO_INCREMENT for table `world geography`
--
ALTER TABLE `world geography`
  MODIFY `indx` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;
COMMIT;

